Isolation Of Pathogenic Bacteria And Antimicrobial Profiling Patterns Among Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcer In Selected Hospitals In Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
Background: Infected diabetic foot ulcer (IDFU) is one of the challenging problemsrnglobally, associated with diabetes mellitus. It is a leading cause of lower extremitiesrnamputation, sepsis, and even mortality. Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteriarnincluding anaerobic bacteria and fungi are considered potential causes of infections.rnObjectives: This study aimed to isolate potential pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobialrnsusceptibility pattern including phenotypical screening of extended-spectrum betalactamasesrnrn(ESBLs) and carbapenemase-producers among IDFU in selected hospitals inrnAddis Ababa, Ethiopia. rnMaterials and Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted fromrnNovember/2020 to May/2021 in selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A sterile swabrnwas used to collect samples from foot ulcers while a sterile needle was used to collect pusrnaspirates. All isolates were identified by using routine bacterial culture, Gram-staining, andrna panel of biochemical tests. For each identified bacterial species, antibiogram profiles wererndetermined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method based on the Clinical and LaboratoryrnStandards Institute guidelines. Double disk and modified carbapenem (meropenem)rninactivation methods were used for screening ESBL and carbapenemase based on CLSIrn2020 guidelines. Results: Out of the 130 recruited participants, 88 (68.2%) were males andrn42 (33%) were females. One hundred twenty-seven pathogenic bacteria were isolated, ofrnwhich, the predominant bacteria was S.aureus 25.19% (32/127), followed by Pseudomonasrnspecies 18.89% (24/127). Gram-positive isolates were susceptible to Chloramphenicol, rnClindamycin, and Amikacin. Gram-negative isolates were also sensitive to chloramphenicol,rnAztreonam, and Amikacin. Overall, 92.9% (118/127) were multidrug-resistant. From therngram-negative bacteria, 53.94% (41/76) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)producers,rnrnand 26.47% (19/68) were carbapenemase-producers. Conclusion: Bacteria thatrninfect diabetic foot ulcers are multidrug-resistance. The results emphasize the importance ofrnidentification of the causative agent and antimicrobial susceptibility testing before thernselection of appropriate antibiotic(s) to treat diabetic foot ulcers.