Parameters on which clear prints depends were comprehensively investigated. The study revealed that clear print depends on the impressed pressure the working temperature and the gold foil print paper life expectancy.

Also studies were he manner of dependence of these parameters on prints impressed on sheets of varied thickness. The results of these investigation were utizlied in the design and fabrication of an operational manual printing machine using gold foil sheet depositor clear prints were impressed on papers during the new machine’s operation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In course of realizing this project we to seek ideas and references from certain individuals who on their part did not relent in giving us a helping hand

Our sincere acknowledgements our head of department and supervisor Engr. Onuigbo J.A and to all the lecturers in the mechanical Engineering department for their academic support rendered to us in the course of this project.

Also our gratitude goes to the director of for allowing us access to use his workshop for the completion of our project work.

Finally our special shout out goes to all our honies both in mechanical Engineering department and to the institute as whole.

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 - Experimental determination of pressure for printing

11- Effect of temperature on sharpness of print.

111 – Description of (components) parts and materials use for them

1v- comparison of cost and properties of materials

LIST OF FIGURES

Description

Figure 1 sketch of alternative A

Figure 2. Sketch of alternative B.

Figure 3 sketch of alternative C

Figure 4 isomeric view of hot plate square housing

Figure 5 isometric view of type holder

Figure 6 &7 load and free body diagram of crank are (Handle) and rod.

LIST OF SYMBOLS

A – Area

A – Acceleration

D – Maximum shaft diameter

d- minimum shaft diameter

e- efficiency

k – Thermal conductivity

c – Heat capacity

x – The pressure transmissibility of lever system (press x 1/duration )

t – Time

l – Length of shaft

m – Mass

m – Maximum bearding moment

p - Electric power

q – Quantity of heat

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ii

Letter of transmittal iii

Release iv

Approval page v

Dedication vi

Acknowledgement vii

Abstract viii

List of figures ix

List of tables x

List of symbols xi

Table of contents xii

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 introduction 1

1.2 literature review and data collection 2

1.3 experimental determination of pressure for prating 3

1.4 design specification 9

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Design solutions 11

2.2 Alternative A press foot printer 11

2.3 Alternative B; crank arm (handle ) 14

2.4 Alternative C; automatic (motorized) printer 17

2.5 Comparison of alternative and choice 20

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Design selection and analysis of parts of chosen alternative 22

3.2 Theory of design/ design calculation 24

3.3 The design of the shaft (Hollow) 26

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 construction of prototype 28

4.2 general 28

4.3 material selection 29

4.4 sequence of construction and assembly 40

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Testing of prototype (test – run) 40

5.2 Evaluation of machine efficiency 40

5.3 Operator’s manual 41

5.4 Costing (cost analysis) 42

5.5 Problems Encounter 45

5.6 Conclusion 45

5.7

Reference

Recommendation 46

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Nigeria in recent times lays strong emphasis on mass literacy and indigenous technology. Printed matters are indispensable materials in mass literacy campaign and the trend towards indigenous technology imposes a severe clamp down on imputed engineering including printing block machinery. Thus the situation is such that make the acquisition of printing machinery from outside our boards extremely difficult.

Therefore to lessen the economic strain on the mass literacy campaign local production of printing machinery is apparently imperative. It is this fact that rendered integrative to the conception and realization of this low cost but efficient printing machine based entirely on local technology and resources.

The present machine is very useful in the printing of many items like paper backs cards etc. its design and fabrication is expected to motivate and advance the design and fabrication of other machines destined for similar purpose and based on indigenous technology and resources.

1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND DATA COLLECTION

There were no available books in printing in both the state and school libraries that actively dealt with printing technology. The only books available were those on the history of ‘Types’ and trade journals advertising products of foreign companies which were fund to be of little or no relevance.

However a visit to the government printing press gave us an opportunity to study the ‘types’ available and the basic operations of the giant printing (Blocking) machine with respect to the ‘Types’ from there we were able to establish;

(a) The effect of temperature on the amount of gold deposited from sheet (sharpness of print )

(b) The effect of life time on the gold foil sheet depositor.

(d) The effect of size of ‘types’ on the sharpness of print (amount of gold deposited )

Definition:

Types : These are the characters or alphabets that forms the letters.

Print :- This is the mark or impression produced on paper due to the types. Gold foil sheet depositor :- is a thin rectangular cellophane sheet coated with gold compound.

1.3 EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF PRESSURE FOR PRINTING.

The print there must be impact force between two surfaces on e of which contains the ‘type’ and the other the paper on which print will be made. The force produces the necessary pressure for printing.

Consider alternative ‘B’ of the possible design solution. Impact force is due to the acceleration of mass of moveable plate and rail against the stationary letter box located on the element box. The pressure for printing is impact force for a constant surface area

Impact surface area the pressure varies with variation in the impact force. Similarly the impact force varies with the mass and acceleration. But the mass is constant and equal to mass of rail plus mass of moveable plate hence only the acceleration varies. Therefore in this experiment effort has been made to determine.

(a) The pressure required to print clearly on thin cellophane sheet without perforating it.

(b) The pressure required to print clearly on paper of average thickness without perforating it

(c) The pressure required to print on cardboard sheet such that very sharp prints are obtained by varying the input acceleration

Materials: very light cellophane paper, paper back of higher education exercise book ceiling sheet (card board) silver sheets,

Apparatus: Election- speed printer machine