Nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies are the two most limiting factors in croprnproduction. Although chickpea fixes nitrogen in association with diverse Mesorhizobiumrnspecies, effectiveness in the amount of nitrogen fixed depends upon the inherent characterrnand other factors of the endosymbionts. The nitrogen-fixing process requires morernphosphrous and phosphorus deficiency aggravated under acidic soils because of sorption.rnThus, selection of acid tolerant rhizobia with effective nitrogen fixation and phosphaternsolubilizing activity is essential in order to improve phosphorus and nitrogen fertility tornenhance the growth and production of the crop in acidic soil. This study was initiated torncollect chickpea rhizobia from acidic soils of central, western, southern and northernrnparts of Ethiopia and determine their genomic diversity, and further screen for low pHrntolerance, solubilization of insoluble phosphate on tri-calcium phosphate medium andrntheir potential to ecological adaptations and symbiotic effectiveness with host varieties onrnsand culture at low pH and acidic soil culture under greenhouse conditions. The genomicrndiversity was studied using illumina sequencing a whole-genome sequence (WGS)rnapproach. The results showed that 81 Mesorhizobium strains were obtained and estimatedrnwith average genome sizes 7Mbp, average depth of 143 X coverage. Annotation of thernassembled genome predicted an average of 6725 protein-coding genes (CDSs). Genomerncompleteness showed that 81 strains are near complete (>99% complete). Concatenationrnof 400 universal phylophlan marker genes, present in all genomes (strains) allowed rnrndetailed phylogenetic analysis, from which eight well-supported phylogenetic groups werernidentified. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the symbiosis-related (nod C and nif H)rngenes were generally different to those shown by the phylophlan marker genes. Thernpattern of genomic diversity indicates the existence of multiple, broadly distributedrnphylotypes, with no relationship between geographic and genetic distance (r=0.10,rnp