Comparison Of Modified Papanicolaou And Dane-herman Stain With Routine Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain For Demonstration Of Keratin In Tissue Sections

Background: Keratins are intermediate filament forming proteins with specific physicochemicalrnproperties produced in any vertebrate epithelia. Having characteristic findings in many epithelialrnpathologies made them diagnostically important marker. Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE) stain, thernroutine dye, does not distinguish different eosinophilic components of connective tissue distinctly.rnOn the other hand, special stains like modified Papanicolaou(Mod Pap) and Dane-Herman(D-H)rnstain can prove to be a simple solution to detect the presence and pattern of keratin histologically. rnObjectives: To compare modified Papanicolaou stain and Dane Herman stain with routinernHematoxylin and Eosin Stain for demonstration of keratin and also there basic stainingrncharacteristics on paraffin blocks tissue sections. rnMethodology: A total of 116 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded(FFPE) tissue blocks were takenrnof known keratin containing tissue which included Squamous Cell Carcinoma(SCC), SquamousrnPapilloma, Verrucous Carcinoma and Odontogenic Keratocyst. The tissue blocks were retrievedrnfrom the archive of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital(TASH), Department of Pathology. Threernsections of 4µm thick tissue from each paraffin block were made and stained with HE, Mod PAPrnand D-H stains. Then the three stains were evaluated for Nuclear stain(NS), Cytoplasmicrnstain(CS), Uniformity of staining(US), Background stain(BS) and Keratin pattern(KP) by twornpathologists. Finally, the third Senior pathologist was used as a tie breaker. rnResult: Mod PAP showed agreement with HE by showing Mc Nemar’s P value of 0.219 for NS,rn0.727 for CS, 0.851 for US, 0.824 for BS and 1.00 for KP. Whereas D-H showed disagreementrnwith HE for the first four parameters(P=0.000). But D-H showed agreement for KP. Thus, thesernresults show that keratin was stained by D-H, Mod PAP and HE stains distinctly. Mod PAP stainrnshowed similar result when compared with HE stain with parameters-NS, CS, US and BS.rnHowever, D-H stain showed statistically significant difference when crosschecked with HE stains.rnSpecial stains agreement were analyzed using McNemar as a statistical data tool, P< 0.05 werernconsidered statistically significant. rnConclusion: Mod PAP and D-H stains showed similar result for staining of keratin compared tornHE stain. For the other four parameters Mod PAP showed an excellent result but not D-H.

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