Dynamics Of Three-level Laser Pumped By Electron Bombardment And With Spontaneous Emission

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In this PhD dissertation we have studied the statistical and squeezing properties ofrnthe cavity light generated by a three-level laser. In this quantum optical system, Nrnthree-level atoms available in an open cavity, coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoir,rnare pumped to the top level by means of electron bombardment at constantrnrate. We have considered the case in which the three-level atoms and the cavityrnmodes interact with the two-mode vacuum reservoir. We have carried out our analysisrnby putting the noise operators associated with the vacuum reservoir in arbitraryrnorder. Applying the solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectationrnvalues of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavityrnmode operators, we have calculated the mean and variance of the photon numberrnas well as the quadrature squeezing for the cavity light. In addition, we have shownrnthat the presence of the spontaneous emission process leads to a decrease in thernmean and variance of the photon number. We have seen that the global mean photonrnnumbers of the light modes emitted from the top and intermediate levels arernthe same both in the presence and absence of spontaneous emission, and are separatelyrnin a chaotic state. However, we have observed that the two-mode cavity lightrnis in a squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the minus quadrature. In addition,rnwe have found that the effect of the vacuum reservoir noise is to increase thernphoton-number variance and to decrease the quadrature squeezing of the cavityrnlight. However, the vacuum reservoir noise does not have any effect on the meanrniiirnivrnphoton number. Moreover, the maximum quadrature squeezing of the light generatedrnby the laser, operating far below threshold, is found to be 37:5% below thernvacuum-state level. In addition, our result indicates that the quadrature squeezingrnis greater for = 0 than that for = 0:4 for 0.01 < ra < 0.35 and is smaller for = 0rnthan that for = 0:4 for 0.35 < ra < 1. We have also noted that the local quadraturernsqueezing approaches the global quadrature squeezing as the frequency intervalrnincreases.rnFurthermore, applying the density operator for a pair of superposed two- modernlaser light beams, we have calculated the mean and variance of the photon numberrnas well as the quadrature squeezing. We have found that both the mean photonrnnumber and the quadrature variance for the superposed two-mode laser lightrnbeams is the sum of the mean photon numbers and the quadrature variances ofrnthe constituent two-mode light beams. However, the variance of the photon numberrnof the superposed two-mode laser light beams is not the sum of the variancesrnof the photon numbers of the constituent two-mode light beams. Finally, our resultrnshows that the quadrature squeezing of the superposed two-mode laser lightrnbeams is equal to the quadrature squeezing of one of the superposed the two-modernlight beams. This implies that the superposition of the two-mode laser light beamsrndoes not affect the quadrature squeezing, but it increases the global mean photonrnnumber and the global variance of the photon number. Thus we note that thernsuperposition of the two-mode laser light beams leads to a more bright squeezedrnlight.

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Dynamics Of Three-level Laser Pumped By Electron Bombardment And With Spontaneous Emission

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