Evaluation Of Antiproliferative Activity Of The Aerial Part Essential Oil Of Urtica Simenesis Hochst And Hydroalcholic Leaf Extract Of Discopodium Penninervium Hochst.

Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. It is the rnsecond leading cause of death globally and is estimated to account for 9.6 million deaths in 2018. rnCurrently, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical measure are the key tools for cancer rntreatment. However, treating cancer is a challenge due to complexity of the disease, toxicity of rnchemotherapy, unaffordability of treatment and severe side effects. Thus, searching for new rnmolecules which are effective and safe is needed. rnIn traditional medical practices of Ethiopia Urtica simenesis Hochst. (Urticaceae) and rnDiscopodium penninervium Hochst. (Solanaceae) are used for several ailments including cancer, rnThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antiproliferative activities of the rnessential oil of U. simenesis and hydroalcoholic leaf extract of D. penninervium against two rncancers cell lines namely, ovarian carcinoma (A2780) and leukemia (MV4-11). rnAntiproliferative effect of the essential oil of U. simenesis and hydroalocholic leaf extract of D. rnpenninervium was evaluated against human ovarian (A2780) and leukemia (MV4-1) cancer cells rnusing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and resazurin assay, rnrespectively. Moreover, the effect of the essential oil of U. simensis on cell cycle and apoptosis rnwas determined by flow cytometry using propidium iodide and Appendix in V/propidium iodide rnstaining, respectively. rnResults of the study showed that the essential oil of U. simenesis exhibited potent antiproliferative rnactivity on A2780 with GIrnGIrn50rn50rn value of 0.299 µl/ml and moderate activity on MV4-11 cells, with rn 1.856 µl/ml. At a concentration of % (v/v), the oil further caused rnS phase arrest and induced a significant cell death with over 90% of cells undergoing apoptosis. rnSimilarly, the hydroalcoholic extract of D. penninervium exhibited moderate antiproliferative rnactivity on A2780 cells with GIrn50rn value of 10.69 µg/ml but show no activity on MV4-11 cells. rnChemical analysis of the essential oil using GC-MS led to the identification of forty-seven rncompounds accounting 77.6% of the total oil. p-Xylene (12.16%), p-cymene (7.83%) and o-rncymene (7.84%) figured as major components, whilst sulfur-containing compounds, such as rn2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-trithiane accounted 11.78% of the total oil. Phytochemical investigation of rnthe leaf extract of D. penninervium by column chromatography over silica gel led to the isolation rnof a flavonoid compound characterized as quercetin-3-O-glucoside. Structural elucidation of the rncompound was achieved by spectroscopic techniques including 1D-NMR (rnDEPT), 2D-NMR (HMBC) and TOF-MS. rn1rnH-NMR, rnIn conclusion, the present study confirmed that both the essential oil of U. simenesis and the rnhydroalcoholic extract of D. penninervium, showed genuine antiproliferative activity that justify rnthe traditional uses of these plants for the treatment of cancer. rn13rnC-NMR,

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