Phytochemical Constituents Antimicrobial And Biochemical Activities Of The Methanol Extracts From Durio Zibethinus

screening of secondary metabolites in the extracts was done using standard methods. The bioactive compounds in stem-bark extract were isolated and purified through column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography; the isolates were characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity was determined on fresh clinical isolates using Agar Diffusion Methods. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) models. The anti-lipooxygenase bioassay was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant extracts.rnThe findings of the study were that:rn(i) the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids steroids, glycosidesrnand phenolic compounds were established in the extracts;rn(ii) three isomeric triterpenoic acids (maslinic, 3-epimaslinic and bredemolicrnacids) were isolated from D. zibethinus stem-bark and their structures werernconfirmed using spectroscopic techniques;rn(iii) GC-MS analysis of stem-bark extract revealed 17 compounds in fourrnfractions. The principal compounds identified were (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acidrn(Oleic acid) (91.36 %), (E)-9-Octadecenoic acid (Elaidic acid) (56.10 %),rn(Z)-6-Octadecenoic acid (Petroselinic acid) (41.19 %) and (E)-9-rnOctadecenoic acid (Elaidic acid) (42.20 %) in fractions 1-4 respectively;rn(iv) the plant extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcusrnaureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans andrnMicrosporum audouinii at a range of 10.00 – 25.00 mm relative to standardrngentamicin and fluconazole antibiotics.rn(v) the plant extracts showed lower DPPH antioxidant activity at a range of 10-rn150 μg/mL with the following IC50 in μmol/L (leaf- 1.467, stem-bark- 1.569rnand root- 1.846) and ABTS (leaf- 1.929, stem-bark- 0.267 and root- ~ 2.002)rncompared to standard quercetin (DPPH- 1.490 and ABTS- 1.247; andrn(vi) the plant extracts had anti-lipooxygenase activity at a range of 10-150rnμg/mL with the following IC50 in μmol/L (leaf- 1.464, stem-bark- 1.203 andrnroot- 1.400) as compared to indomethacin (1.660).rnThe IC50 values obtained for antioxidant and anti-lipooxygenase activities were significantly lower than the standard quercetin and indomethacin respectively at p < 0.05rnThe study concluded that the D. zibethinus contains some phytochemicals that exhibited higher efficacy and performance as antimicrobial and anti-lipoxygenase agents. The study recommended that the plant could be explored for the treatment of diseases caused by the studied pathogens.

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