This study employed both ecological and ethnobotanical approaches to document informationrnabout the diversity, distribution and potential values of vegetable plant species at MgorirnDivision of Singida Rural District, in Central Tanzania. The plant species diversity andrndistribution in Mgori Forest Reserve (MOF) have been described. A total of 304 plant speciesrnwere collected and identified representing 53 families. Of these 56 species belonging to 21rnfamilies were identified by the local people important for use as vegetables. This accounts forrn18.4% of all the identified plant species in the area. About 35.7% of the plant speciesrnrecognised as vegetables having medicinal values. Such plants with both food and medicinalrnvalues are called nutraceutical plants. It was therefore found out that, 90% % of thesernnutraceuticals are used as remedies of human ailments and only 5.3% are used for therntreatment of animal diseases. Adansonia digifata, Solanlllll nigrulIl and Mukia lIladeraspatanarnare used for the treatment of both human and livestock ailments. Amaranthaceae,rnEuphorbiaceae and Tiliaceae each contributed 4% to the total vegetables. Of the identifiedrnvegetable plant species, 3.6% were trees, 8.9% were sillubs, 32% were climbers and 53.6%rnwere herbs. Further analysis revealed that, plant species belonging to the FamilyrnCucurbitaceae contributed more species for use as vegetables by the indigenous peoplernaccounting for 17.9% of the vegetable species in the area. Environmental factors such as %rnslope, altitude, and fire (the most promincnt disturbance in the area, especially during the dryrnseason) were collccted. Plant species for both dry and wet seasons were classified into 4 and 5rncommunity types respectively, using SYNTAX computer program. The vegetation resultsrnrevealed instability of plant communities. Fire incidences in the area and the effect of climaternwere responsible for manifestation of two sets of communities. Thus, the dry seasonrncommunity types are the vegetation types of Mgori Forest Reserve. The distribution of plantrnspecies and sample plots in relation to environmental variables were subjected into analysis ofrnvariance (ANOVA). Species diversity, richness and evenness were generally found to be highrnin sample plots belonging to wet season community types and generally low in dly seasonrncommunity types. Plant species diversity and richness decreased with distance from thernhomesteads. The woodlands and shrub lands had high plant species than the grasslands.rnDrought and over-harvesting are repolied to be the main cause for the scarcity of somernvegetable plant species. However, no vegetable plant species in the IUeN red list ofrnthreatened species was identified. A number of indigenous practices used by the local peoplernhave been documented. Most wild and cultivated vegetables were found to grow more onrndisturbed lands, such as farmlands, fallow lands and less in the natural forest. Only 39% of thernidentified vegetables in the area were found to grow in the natural forest. Their density andrncover abundance values recorded higher during the wet season community types and lower inrndry season, which means more of these vegetables are annuals. Their density and coverrnabundance values also decreased as one moved from the villages towards the forest.rnRecommendations towards the conservation of vegetable plant species in the area are putrnforward ..