This research is aimed at documentation and analysis of plant diversity in Dugda Dawa District along with thernethnobotanical knowledge associated with traditional medicinal and wild edible plants used by the local people.rnVegetation data were collected from 60 plots laid preferentially, 20 m x 20 m for trees and shrubs and 1m x 1mrnsubplots for herbs. Woody species with a diameter at breast height (DBH) > 3 cm were counted and coverrnabundance values estimated. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was used to assess species richness and evenness.rnBoth Sorensen's similarity coefficient and JaccardÊ¼s index of similarity were used to measure similarities amongrncommunities in Dugda Dawa District vegetation, and only Sorensen's similarity coefficient to measure between thisrnand other woodland vegetations types in Ethiopia. A hierarchical cluster analysis with PC-ORD was used to identifyrnplant communities and synoptic values for detection of the dominant species for naming each plant community type.rnFrequency, density, DBH, basal area and importance value indices (IVI) of woody species were also computed.rnEthnobotanical data were collected by interviewing 392 informants (290 males and 102 females). Guided field walkrnand discussion (group or individual discussion) were used in collecting the data.Quantitative approaches were usedrnto determine informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL), and use value (UV). Ethnomedicinal knowledgernapprehended by different informant categories was compared using t-tests with R- software. The study area yieldedrn343 vascular plant species of which 12 were endemic and four were new records for the floristic region belonging torn227 genera and 81 families. The vegetation was classified into four community types, namely Prunus africana -rnCalpurnia aurea, Ehretia cymosa - Juniperus procera, Boscia mossambicensis - Lannea schimperi and Celtisrnafricana - Podocarpus falcatus community types based on hierarchical cluster analysis. The overall Shannon-rnWiener diversity and evenness values of Dugda Dawa District vegetation were 4.87 and 0.54 respectively. Thernpercentage distribution of individual shrub and tree species across different DBH classes indicated relatively highrnproportion (53.9%) of individuals in DBH class 3 - 10 cm. Four representative woody plant population structuresrnwere identified. Results of the ethnobotanical study revealed 127 medicinal plant species in 123 genera and 82rnfanilies; and 71 wild edible plant species belonging to 52 genera and 37 families in different vegetation formationsrnof the study area. The family Fabaceae with 10 (7.9%) species of medicinal and 7 (9.9%) species of wild edibles wasrndominant followed by the Lamiaceae (7, 5.5%) species of medicinal plants and Anacardiaceae ( 7, 9.9%) species ofrnwild edibles were the families represented by more species in the district. Plants in which leaves are used asrnmedicine and fruits are used as wild food were more dominant (36.6% and 65.4% respectively) than other plantrnparts in the district. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was seen in the mean number of medicinal plants reported byrninformants in different age classes, education levels, and experiences. Similarly significant difference (P < 0.05)rnwas observed in the mean number of wild edible plants reported by informants in different age classes andrnexperiences. The highest ICF value (0.93) was recorded for human musculoskeletal and nervous system diseaserncategory. The highest fidelity level values were recorded for Ocimum urticifolium (97%) and Cyphostema serpensrn(97%). Dry evergreen afro-montane forest vegetation which encompasses community one, two and four in DugdarnDawa District is under great anthropogenic pressure including selective cutting of big trees in community four,rnmedicinal plants (e.g. Prunus africana and Zanthoxylum chalybeum) as well as wild edible plants (e.g. Cordiarnafricana and Syzygium guineense) which need strict conservation measures. Thus, priority conservation actionrnshould be given to the dry afromontane vegetation type which encompasses plant communities one, two, and four asrnthey contain high plant species number (295) and high useful species (214) though the other vegetation types arernalso under threat and community - based conservation activities should be applied to create sustainable usage ofrnresources. Warburgia ugandensis and Psophocarpus grandiflorus should be given cultivation and chemical analysisrnpriority for their medicinal and food values respectively.rnKey words: Dugda Dawa District, ethnobotany, medicinal plants, plant diversity, wild edible plants