This study was conducted in Bore-Anferara-Wadera forest, southern Ethiopia, torninvestigate the floristic composition, vegetation structure, regeneration status and landrnuse/land cover change. Vegetation data were collected from 112, 30 m x 30 m samplernplots laid for trees at every 400 m distance along line transects and 5 m x 5 m and five 1rnm x 1 m subplots for saplings and herbs, respectively. The regeneration status of woodyrnspecies was assessed by employing total count of all seedlings within the main samplernplot. Environmental variables such as altitude, slope, and exposure were measured inrneach sample plot. Soil samples were taken from two layers (0-25 and 25-50 cm) at fivernpoints in each sample plot and soil sample from these five points were mixed to form arncomposite sample. In each sample plot, woody species â‰¥ 3 m were counted and coverrnabundance values estimated as well as height and diameter at breast height werernmeasured. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify plant communities andrnsynoptic values for identification of the dominant species for naming plant communities.rnDensity, frequency, basal area and importance value index (IVI) of woody species werernalso computed. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was used to assess species richness andrnevenness. Sorensen's similarity coefficient was used to measure similarities amongrncommunities and between Bore-Anferara-Wadera and eight Afromontane forests inrnEthiopia. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to assess the relationshiprnbetween plant community types and environmental variables. Moreover, three periodsrnland sat images (1986 TM, 2000 ETM+ and 2014 OLI/TIRS) were acquired and analyzedrnby using remote sensing and GIS technologies to generate information on the temporalrnchanges in land use and land cover types. A total of 136 vascular plant species belongingrnto 119 genera and 63 families were recorded. About 4.4% of the species were endemic tornEthiopia and 11.8 % of the species were new records for the Sidamo floristic region ofrnthe flora area. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness values of Bore-rnAnferara-Wadera forest were 3.84 and 0.78, respectively. Size class distribution ofrnwoody species across different DBH and height classes indicated the relatively highrnproportion of individuals at lower classes, indicating impacts of past disturbance.rnAnalysis of population structure and regeneration status of the forest revealed variousrnpatterns of population dynamics where some species were represented by few maturernplants only suggesting that they are on the verge of local extinction and thus immediaternconservation measures should be taken. Community classification using the freernstatistical software R version 3.1.1 resulted in four, namely Acanthus eminens -rnDracaena afromontana, Syzygium guineense subsp. afromontanum - Ocotea kenyensis,rnPouteria adolfi-friederici - Psychotria orophila and Scolopia theifolia - Teclea nobilisrncommunity types. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) result showed that altitudernand slope were among the main environmental variables in determining patterns ofrnspecies distribution and plant community formation. The results of land sat image analysis revealed that agricultural land and built up area are expanding rapidly at thernexpense of other land use and land cover types. Forest and shrub land areas haverndeclined drastically over the last 28 years. Population pressure, deforestation, landrntenure system, and forest fire were the main driving forces responsible for the change inrnland use and land cover types in the study area. Therefore, a joint management andrnconservation measures should be taken by the government, local people and otherrnstakeholders in order to reduce and/or stop the fast rate of vegetation cover decliningrnand sustainable utilization of the forest resources in the study area.rnKeywords: Anferara, Biodiversity, Conservation, Land use/land cover, Plant community