Agronomic And Nutritional Qualities Of Mixed Genotypes Of Ethiopian Tetraploid Wheat (triticum Durumturgidum And Related Species) Collections

Ethiopian farmers have been traditionally growing several varietal mixtures in the same field thatrnmight have advantages of reducing the risks of pests and unusual environmental conditions inrnaddition to adding variety to their diets. Replacement of farmers’ varieties with genetically uniformrnvarieties, results in changes to crop patterns and land uses largely affecting the magnitude of therngenetic diversity in Ethiopian tetraploid wheats. Therefore, this study was conducted at twornlocations of each Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions with the objective of evaluating the effectsrnof mixtures of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat collections on agronomic and nutritional quality traitsrnand maintaining the diversity of the crop. The experiment was laid out by using alpha lattice designrnwith three replications. The experiment had fifteen genotypes with two categories (Category one:rnmixtures and pure stands of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat collections and Category two: mixturesrnand pure stands of improved varieties). Agronomic and proximate as well as selected minerals datarnwere taken and subjected to analysis using SAS procedures. Since genotype by location interactionrnwas significant for agronomic traits, analysis was conducted for each locations and GGE-biplotrnwas used to select best fit genotypes for each location. The analysis of variance showed significantrndifferences for both agronomic and nutritional quality traits. The range of grain yield was 0.2 torn2.7tha-1 in Adet, 1.5 to 2.6tha-1 in Geregera, 0.6 to 3.0tha-1 in Debre Zeit, 2.4 to 3.4tha-1 in ChefernDonsa, 1.4 to 2.6tha-1 in Ayiba and 2.8 to 3.8tha-1 in Hagereselam. Based on the analysis ofrnindividual locations and GGE-biplot mega environment results; mixtures of top ten AmhararnRegion, mixtures of ten improved varieties, Assasa and Mikuye are best genotypes for Adet andrnGeregera of Amhara Region. Mixtures of Oromia Region, GEBRE of Oromia Region, Assasa andrnMikuye are best genotypes for Debrezeit and Chefe Donsa of Oromia Region. Whereas mixtures ofrntop ten Tigray Region, GG2 of Tigray Region, GEBRE of Oromia Region and Mangudo are bestrngenotypes for Ayiba and Hagereselam of Tigray Region. In regarding to nutritional quality,rnamounts ranged from 8.1 to 13.0% for protein, 73 to 78.9%for total carbohydrate, 1.4 to 2.9% forrnfat, 2.5 to 3.4% for fiber, 1.1 to 3.4gm/100gm for Fe and 1.9 to 2.7gm/100gm for Zn. Significantlyrnhigher protein contents (13.0 and 11.9%) were recorded from Mangudo, mixtures of Tigray Regionrnand TIKUR SINDE of Amhara Region. Maximum total carbohydrate (78.9%) was obtained fromrnGEBRE of Oromia Region. Higher fat contents (2.9, 2.6 and 2.5%) were obtained from TIKURrnSINDE of Amhara Region, mixtures of top ten Tigray Region and Mangudo respectively. MaximumrnFe 3.4 mg/100gm and Zn (2.7 mg/100gm) were obtained from mixtures of parental lines. Therefore,rnit can be concluded that mixtures as well as pure lines of farmers’ varieties performed wellrncomparatively with pure lines of high yielding improved varieties in this experiment and farmersrncan maintain the diversity of the crop and add supplement their diets by growing mixtures of Ethiopianrntetraploid wheat genotypes.rnKey words: Diversity maintenance, farmers’ varieties, GGE-biplot, mega environment

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