Structural and floristic study was calTied out in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania with thernobjectives of detennine the stlUctural composition of the vegetation communities foundrnin the area; compiling the checklist of plants species found in the area and determinationrnof abundance of vegetation communities in the study area. Data were collected byrnsystematic sampling design, where quadrats were established along transect lines. Nestedrnplot design was used to sample plants of different sizes. The main quadrat for tree andrnsapling was 25 m x 20 m and within the main quadrat the 5 m x 2 m was used to collectrndata on shrubs and seedlings. Within a 5 m x 2 m another 0.5 m x 2 m subplot was set forrncollection of data on herbs and grasses. One hundred seventy four (174) plant speciesrnwere encountered. Woody species density calculated was 350.67 stem ha-1 and total basalrnarea 17. 76m2ha-. The most abundant tree species recorded in the area were DalbergiarnlIIelalloxyloll (23.07%), Acacia lIigrescells (8.42), LOllchocmplis capassa (7.80%),rnBrachystegia boehlllii (6.72%), combrellllll zeyheri (5.75%), Margaritaria discoidearn(4.59%) and Acacia sieberialla (4.18%). The hierarchical cluster analysis using averagelinkagernstrategy provided six distinct plant communities. I. Flueggea virosa-Pallicllmrnmaximulll-Acacia sieberialla community type 2. Hygrophila auriculata-Sporobolusrnpyramidalis community type 3. LOllchocmpus capassa-Cassia abbreviata communityrntype 4. Acacia sieberialla-Hyparrhellia mfa community type 5. Acacia IligrescensDalbergiarnmelalloxyloll community type and community type 6. Bracllystegia boehmiiBrachystegiarnspicifol71lis-Margaritaria disco idea community types. The following treernspecies; Dalbergia lIlelalloxyloll, Pericopsis allgolellsis Plerocmplls allgolellsis,rnBrachyslergia spiciformis and Brachyslergia boehmii which are mostly used forrncarvings, music instlUments, buildings materials and firewood were found highlyrnpoached at the edge of the park. The vegetation in this study area were most disturbed byrnenvironmental ,animals and human factors which include fire, browsing, grazing,rnpoaching, soil, and water table effects. From this observation, local communityrnpmiicipation on conservation of these valuable tree species is encouraged for near byrnvillages which include,Mikumi town, Doma, Mkata, Kilombero and Kisaki. Futhermore,rndetailed integrated floristic studies of the area, targeting the unknown ecological area ofrnMalundwe forest which is not covered in this study is recommended