Studies On Propagation Biology Of Four And Phenology Of One Medicinal Plants

Studies on the phenology of Plumbago zeylanica L.(Plumbaginaceae), and propagation biology ofrnother four highly threatened medicinal plants, namely Echinops kebericho Mesfin (Astraceae), Glinus lotoides L. (Molrnluginaceae) Securidaca longepedunculata Fres. (Polygalaceae) and Taverniera abyssinica L. (Leguminosae) werernconducted with a view to conserving and developing these threatened medicinal plants. The objectives of thisrnresearch were (1) to study the reproductive biology of P. zeylanica; and (2) to develop (i) seed-based propagationrnmethods of E. kebericho, G. lotoides and S. longepedunculata, (ii) vegetative propagation by stem cuttings of G.rnlotoides, and (iii) in vitro regeneration of T. abyssinica.rnMature seeds were used as the starting plant material for all the studied species. Different parameters affecting seedrngermination and seedling establishment were studied for E. kebericho, G. lotoides and S. longepedunculata.rnSeedlings were only used for T. abyssinica and G. lotoides in tissue culture and vegetative propagation techniques,rnrespectively. Studies on the phenology of P. zeylanica were conducted under glasshouse and nursery conditionsrnusing several parameters such as plant size, seasonal climate, and hormone application and mating system. Arntissue culture protocol was tested from several explants, on two basic media and with hormone treatments for T.rnabyssinica.rnSeeds of E. kebericho sterilized for 9 and 5 minutes in 70% ethanol and in 10% sodium hypochlorite, respectively, grnerminated best (95.2 ± 1.2%) on Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with 10 g l_1 phytoagar. Further incrernases or decreases in sterilization time decreased percentage germination and increased contamination, respectively.rnUntreated seeds (control) were completely contaminated before the emergence of radicle as a result of fungirngrowth. Seed germination percentage declined with increasing storage time and dropped from 95 ± 0.4 % to 32.2 ±rn1.2% in 15 months. Twenty-five degrees centigrade was an optimal temperature for best germination (94.6 ± 2.4%)rnof seeds compared to others. Seeds sown in pots containing a mixture of sand, nursery soil, and animal manure in arnratio of 0.5:2.5:0.5 respectively, germinated significantly (p< 0.05) compared to other soil ratios. Increases in sandrnor animal manure ratios decreased germination, while increases in nursery soil increased percentage and rate ofrngermination. High percentage (96± 0.5%) germination was obtained with the seeds sown on nursery soil–surfacernmixed additives compared with the control. Seeds stored for less than 5 months, and at 25 oC, were the mostrnsuitable for in vitro and ex vitro germination of E. kebericho. Seedlings of nursery bed origin survived best compared to those in vitro or pot origin seedlings.rnSeeds of G. lotoides treated with water at 70o C for 10 to 30 minutes or GA3 (10-3 and 10-4 M) did not show significantrn(p

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