Disrespect and abuse of women during labor and delivery is becoming recognized as a violatrnion of their rights and a barrier to using life-saving, facility-based labor and delivery care.rnIn Addis Ababa, the rate of expert birth attendance is 97 percent, with the remaining womenrngiving birth at home. From the viewpoints of both providers and mothers, this study investigarntes the experiences of disrespect and abuse in maternal care, as well as the factors associatedrnwith facility-based maternal care.rnWe conducted 455 interviewer-administered structured interviews at two randomly selectedrngovernmental health facilities with their four-catchment health centers and two hospitals ofrnprivately owned hospitals in Addis Ababa Ethiopia with midwives, health officers, nurses,rnand medical doctors, and women who had given birth within the three months prior to thernsurvey date. In addition to the quantitative survey, the mothers who experienced disrespectrnand abuse took part in an in-depth interview.rnWe discovered that during labor and delivery, both health care providers and women who parnrticipated in an in-depth interview reported physical and verbal abuse, as well as nonconsented care. Most abuse, according to providers, is unintentional and stems from the overrncrowding of the labor ward as a result of inappropriate referrals. We uncovered no evidencernof more systematic types of abuse involving the detention of patients from living with herrnnew-born rather than restraining women in the facility because they failed to pay health carernfees. Most of the mothers reported that they were never asked to know the position shernprefers to deliver in yet and also, they were denied to deliver in the position she preferred.rnHowever, it is small in number the disrespect and abuse that they shy away to report alsornappeared during the quantitative survey.rnOur findings recommend that respectful care training, which is included in the national midwrnifery curriculum's professional ethics modules, be expanded to include a stronger emphasisrnon counseling skills and rapport building. Our findings also suggest that all treatments aimedrnat improving midwives' interpersonal contacts with women should be supplemented by addrernssing structural concerns related to provider workload.