Very little effort has been made in Ethiopia to assess therneffect of indoor air p8l1ution at a community level . The aim of thernstudy was to assess exposure to indoor air pollution at a householdrnlevel and fi nd out the feasibility of using questionnaire inrndetermining exposure level for indoor air pollution . Cross sectionalrnstudy design was utilized . Data were collected usingrnstructured questionnaire , in-depth interview with key informantsrnand child movement recording . Data entry and analysis was donernusing Epi Info version 6 statistical software . A total of 600rnhouseholds from the three study areas (rural high land , ruralrnlowland and town)were assessed . Three hundred thirty four(55 . 7%)ofrnthe households had high exposure level to indoor smoke . Ruralrnhouseholds were less likely to have adequate smoke clearancerncompared to urban households (OR~O . 3 ; 95% CI~O . 16 , 0 . 54) . Beingrnmuslem , married , Mother illiterate and and low economi c statusrnwere less likely to De in the low exposure status with adjustedrnOR(95%CI) of 2 . 24(1.39 , 3 . 54) , 0 . 41(0 . 18 , 0 . 82) , 0 . 36(0 . 2 , 0 . 66)andrn0 . 34(0 . 22 , 0 . 54) , respectively . The main source of indoor smoke wasrnbiomass fuel used by 98 . 5% for cooking and 29 . 6% for heating . Thernmajority (94 . 9%) were using open type of stove without flue orrnchimney . The median (SO) of e xposure time by the interview andrnobservation was found to be 180(202) and 125(148) minutes ,rnrespecti vely . From this we conclude and recommend that biomassrnfuels are the principal sources fo r the indoor smoke , the poorrnsocio-demographic and environmental factors expose children tornindoor smoke and collecting information about exposure time ofrnunder five children using interview and observation methods has nornstatistically significant difference . Using cleaner fuels ,rnimproving social , economic , cultu r al and environmenta l conditionsrncould i mprove the exposure level to indoor smoke .rn1