Background: Malaria kills more than 1 million people every year in the world, 90% ofrnthem in Sub-Saharan Africa; the majority of them are children under five years old.rnEarly diagnosis and prompt access to treatment is the main strategy to reducernmorbidity and mortality due to malaria. In Africa, evidences indicate that 70% ofrnmalaria cases in rural areas and about 50% of the cases in urban areas treat malariarnfirst at home. Though prompt access to treatment within 24 hrs of onset of fever isrnappropriate, studies indicate that there is a poor, inadequate and inappropriaternpractice of treating fever/malaria in many developing countries.rnObjective: The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, practices,rnand beliefs (KAPB) about a home management of malaria in under five children.rnMethods: A cross-sectional study using qualitative and quantitative data collectionrnmethods were conducted in rural area of Dembia District, North Gondar, Amhara,rnNorthwest Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was used to select randomly 517rnhouseholds/ mothers (caregivers) of under-five children from 4 randomly selectedrnPeasant Associations. Data were collected from 515 subjects using structuredrnquestionnaire. Focus Group Discussions and Key informants' interviews werernconducted. The data were analyzed using EPI INFO version 6.04 and SPSS versionrn11 statistical packages.rnResults: The study subjects had a better knowledge aboutrnsymptoms of mild malaria, such as fever (99.4%), head achern(97.6%), chills and shivering (99.6%), poor appetite (95.1%),rnvomiting (98.2%) and joint and body pain (94.9%), but couldrnassociation of the mosquitoes with malaria to lesser extentrn(69.9%), while majority of them attributed its cause to cold orrnchanged weather (83.7%) and to stagnant water (77.1%). Mostrnrespondents believed malaria is preventable (85.8%). Theyrnpracticed preventive methods such as Environmentalrnmanagement (74.4%), DDT spray of households (53.8%), andrnbed net use (3.4%) to prevent malaria. Home Management ofrnmalaria/fever is practiced in the area in a high proportion of thernunder 5 children (45.2%) with modern anti-malarial drugs.rnvirnReasons mentioned for delayed health care seeking ofrncaregivers for fever or malaria were hoping the child will be wellrnor taken to traditional healer (50.8%), far distance (27%), andrnshortage of money (7.7%).rnConclusion: The knowledge of caregivers about symptom of malaria and theirrnpractice to prevent the disease was very high. However, they could associaternmosquitoes with malaria to a lesser extent, and most of them had alsornmisconceptions about its causation. Home treatment of fever/ malaria was found tornshare a major part in the health service provision in under-five children in the area.rnRecommendations: Thus, design of effective malaria communication strategy;rntraining and motivation of community health agents and mothers to treat casesrnpromptly and properly; and strengthening the link between private-public healthrnsector partnerships with the community were recommended.