Background: Malnutrition and anemia remain one of the most common causes of morbidity andrnmortality among children throughout the world. Both malnutrition and anemia are importantrnhealth problems affecting preschool children and pregnant women. Refugee children, due to theirrnliving condition, are the most vulnerable to suffer from these problems. Surveys in the refugeerncamps have shown that the prevalence of malnutrition and anaemia in the refugee camps werernhigh. However, underlying variations of these nutritional indicators and determinant factorsrnamong refugee camps were poorly understood.rnObjective: The main objective of this study was to assess malnutrition and anemia and identifyrnthe various causes and determinants and their relative contributions in refugee settings.rnMethodology: Cross -sectional study with analytic component was conducted in Kebribayahrnrefugee camp on a total of 671 refugee children aged between 6 and 59 months during the monthrnof March 2010. Simple random sampling method was employed to collect quantitative data usingrnstructured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, child related variables,rnmaternal/care takers characteristics, environmental health conditions, anthropometric andrnhemoglobin measurements. The study groups were drawn using random table number to selectrnthe sampled households from the roaster. Data were entered using EPI-INFO software (versionrn3.5.1.) and exported into SPSS for analysis. NCHS/WHO reference population and standard wasrnused to convert height and weight measurements into nutritional indices. Bivariate andrnmultivariate logistic regression analysis were utilized to identify the factors associated withrnunder-nutrition and anaemia.rnResults: Overall, the prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting were 27.6%, 26.1% andrn8.9% respectively. While the prevalence of severe stunting, underweight and wasting was 9.5%,rn4.8% and 2.5% respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was 52.4% and the magnitude of severernanaemia was 10.5%. The main determinant factors of stunting were child age, maternal illiteracy,rnpaternal lack of education, and family size. Child sex, age, maternal lack of education, childhoodrnillness such as diarrhea and ARI, and lack availability of toilet facility were associated withrnunderweight. Age of child, sharing and selling of food ration, duration of ration lasting, presencernof ARI and poor personal hygiene (number of baths took) were the most important determinantsrnof wasting. The most determinant factors of anaemia were child age, lack of maternal andrnpaternal education, number of under five children in the HH, duration of ration lasting, sharingrnand selling part of the ration, presence of diarrhea, stunting and underweight.rn rn rnConclusion and recommendations: The study indicates that underweight is serious in the arearnaccording to the WHO classification, and chronic nutritional problem is also of particularrnconcern. The study also shows that anaemia was highly prevalent in the area and was categorizedrnas severe, compared to the WHO classification. Overall, the state of nutrition was better in thernarea than other surveys but anaemia was highly prevalent and severe in the study area. Actionsrntargeting early child illness treatment are necessary to improve the nutritional status of thernchildren. In addition, it is advisable to consider fortified food ration with iron for the community