Back ground:- People who are living with HIV / AIDS may or may not haverndesire of children and want to use family planning . However, the degree of theirrndesires and how it varies by individual social health and demographicrncharacteristics is not well understood.rnObjective:-To assess fertility desire and family planning utilization in PLWHA thatrnwere on follow up care in Asella Hospital ARV treatment unit.rnMethods:-A cross-sectional health facility based study design supplemented byrnqualitative in-depth interview was done from November 1 to December 30 2010.rnThe study was conducted in Asella Hospital, Asella Town, Arsi Zone, Oromia,rnEthiopia. The study population was all HIV positive people who had at least onernvisit to the ART unit and age group 18-49 for female and 18-55 for male. Thernsample size taken were 384 .Pre tested questionnaire was used to collect the datarnwhich was entered using EPI info window 2000 and analyzed by SPSS 15.0rnstatistical packages. The qualitative study sample taken until enough informationrnwas obtained and interview included participants, a health service provider at ART,rnFamily planning and VCT service provider at out patient department. Notes wererntaken and data were grouped in to thematic area words of the respondents werernquoted accordingly.rnResults:- Seventy-five (29.3%) of the women and 56 (43.3%) of the men, totallyrnHundred thirty one 131(34.1%) of HIV positive people receiving care In AellarnARV treatment unit. HIV infected women desire children than men counter partsrn(AOR o.o1,95% CI 0, 0.25) ; PLWHAs those who have one/ no child had morerndesire for children in the future than those who have two and above (AOR 115,rn95% CI 3868.6); single individuals had less need than married counter parts (AORrn0.01, CI 0, 0.96). Family planning utilization of PLWHA before knowing their HIVrnstatus was 47.7% but current users were 76.5% during the study period. Current FPrnusage was less in those who were not in marriage than those who were in marriagernat study period and those who were on ART for two years or less (AOR 0.04, 95%rnCI 0.02, 0.1) , 0.5(0.28, 0.89) respectively