Background: - Although HIV/AIDS is not water and sanitation related disease, the issuesrnare closely linked. Many of the opportunistic infections like diarrhea that cause highrnmorbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS are transmitted throughrncontaminated water and unsanitary living conditions. Therefore, a reliable water supplyrnand good sanitation facilities are indispensable to assist in the task of bathing, washing,rncleaning & disinfecting the home environment, providing water for taking drug, usingrnlatrine to avoid contamination. Access to Water and sanitation services can help homernbased care clients to live longer in good health, facilitate care for ill patients, improve thernquality of life and increase their dignity. However, this is poorly recognized by eitherrnorganizations working on HIV/AIDS or water and sanitation sector.rnObjective: - the objective of this study is to assess the situation of water, sanitation andrnhygiene in home-based care clients in Addis Ababa city.rnMethods: - A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling technique wasrnconducted in Addis Ababa from March 31 to April 14/2009. A total of 422 home basedrncare clients proportionally allocated to each sub city were interviewed and the responsernrate was over 99%. Data on socio-demographic characteristics of home based care client,rnwater, sanitation and hygiene practices were collected through face to face interview andrnobservation using checklists. Participation in this study was voluntary and based onrnclientsâ€™ ability to give informed consent. Data was analyzed using SPSS 11.0 for windowsrnstatistical package.rnResult: - The result of this study showed that home based care clients had access tornimproved water sources (96.4%) with reasonable time taken to fetch. The availability ofrnimproved sanitation, bathing facilities and hand washing facility near latrine were 62.5%,rn6.9% and 4.3% respectively. The per capita water consumption (10l/c/d) and home basedrnwater treatment practices (11.4%) of clients were very low. There was also gap betweenrnknowledge of hand washing during critical times with detergents (70.5%) and practicernXrn(60.5%). Similarly, clients had poor practice of water dipping (86.9%), keepingrncleanliness of latrines (69.6%), proper efflurnXIrnent (50%) and child feces disposal (67.9%). While they had good practice of properrncovering of water vessels (83.8%) and body bathing at least once a week (90.4%). Homebasedrncare clients were less exposed to hygiene education and hygiene promoting teachingrnmaterials. The two week period prevalence of diarrhea was 15.5%. However, only 80%rnrelated to water and sanitation which characterized by lack of blood in the stool. Thernresults of bivariate analysis showed that there was no statistically significant associationrnbetween house owner ship, sex of head of households and income in availability ofrnimproved water sources, sanitation and hand washing facilities near a latrine. However,rnthe odds of having improved sanitation in households whose monthly income was >300rnwere about four times higher than the odds in households whose monthly income wasrn