Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) refers to the collection, transfer, treatment,rnrecycling, resources recovery and disposal of solid waste in urban areas. This study aimed atrnassessment of MSWM Practices of Bishoftu City Administration Oromia regional state ofrnEthiopia. In the study researcher questions the existing MSWM practices look like and factorsrnaffecting MSWM system of Bishoftu City. Consequently, to accomplish the objectives descriptiverntype of research method was used and both primary and secondary data sources applied for thernstudy. The primary data were collected via questionnaires, interview, and field observations.rnWhereas the secondary data were extracted from different published and unpublished materials.rnA total of 392 respondents were used in the study. The findings of the study revealed that thernmain types of MSW in Bishoftu are peels of vegetables, ash, plastic, paper and cardboard,rngarden trimmings or leaf and the physical composition of MSW in the city is composed from bothrnbiodegradable and non-degradable components, the current MSWM practice of City is weak andrnalso there is a problem on solid waste reduction strategy: segregation, reuse, recycling, andrnresource recovery. According to the results three main factors that aggravate the existing poorrnstatus of MSWM practice in the city. These are: socio-cultural, technical and institutionalrnfactors. Finally, to alleviate the problems the study suggest that: SBPDD and health office of therncity should engage continuous awareness creating campaign or education for the public, tornimprove the collection rate increase the number and capacity of MSEs, changing the openrndumping system to sanitary land filling system, law enforcement section gives little attention andrnlaws to be effective people need to know the presence of laws through awareness creationrnactivities and implementers should aggressively work to minimize illegal disposal activitiesrnthrough continuous follow up.