Background: Postnatal care is an important care which is given to the mother and her child rnto prevent and reduce maternal and child mortality. Despite the importance of the care for thernmother and her child, there are considerable disparities in postnatal care utilization acrossrnmany geographical locations, maternal socioeconomic, and demographic factors in manyrnSub-Saharan Africa.rnObjectives: To investigate inequalities and assess the determinant factors in postnatal carernservice utilization among reproductive women in Ethiopia using the 2016 Ethiopiarndemographic health survey data.rnMethods: The study utilized data from the fourth round Ethiopia Demographic and HealthrnSurvey (EDHS). The dataset was accessed from EDHS website upon registering to thernwebsite. Education and wealth-related inequalities were assessed by concentration curve andrnconcentration index. The measured inequality also decomposed into its contributing factorsrnusing Erregers method of analysis. In addition to this, population attributable risk, difference,rnand ratio were used to assess the inequality after running Binary logistic regression andrnmulti-collinearities were checked by using variance inflation factor (VIF=1.5).rnResult: PNC utilization within the first two days in Ethiopia in 2016 was only 16%. Complexrnsummary measures suggest Maternal level of Education and wealth related inequalities inrnPNC were significantly high in 2016: with concentration indies of 0.166 and 0.2089rnrespectively. Simple summary measures also revealed wealth status, 4+ ANC visit, delivery byrnCS, use of internet and region were significantly predict inequalities in Postnatal carernutilization. rnConclusion: There is a significant inequality in Postnatal care utilization in Ethiopia.rnMaternal wealth status, maternal level of Education, frequency of ANC visits, use of internet,rnRegion and C-Section delivery are the dominant inequality contributors in the utilization ofrnPNC services within those critical hours after birth. rnRecommendation: Policy makers should focus on the implementation of the strategies tornadequately address the observed inequalities in postnatal care utilization among women. rnStrategies should focus on the key population subgroups.