Background: Childhood infectious illness mainly diarrheal diseases, febrile illnesses, and acuternrespiratory tract infection remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among childrenrnbelow five years. Delay and inappropriate healthcare-seeking practice of caregivers’ were thernmajor reason for under-five child death in developing countries including Ethiopia. According tornWHO, a timely healthcare-seeking practice can effectively save the lives of children by 20%,rnparticularly from ARIs, and significantly minimize its morbidities. rnObjective: To assess the magnitude of common childhood illness, healthcare-seeking behavior,rnand associated factors in Efratana Gidim District, Ethiopia, 2020. rnMethods: A community based crossectional study was conducted from March 15 to April 15,rn2020, among urban and rural respondents. Multistage sampling method was employed to a totalrnof 661 respondents by using semi-structured questioner through face to face interviews. Bivariaternand multivariate logistic regression were carried out to assess association between healthcareseekingrnbehaviorrnandrnpredictivernvariables.rnOddsrnratiornwithrn95%rnconfidencernintervalrnwasrnusedrntornrnmeasurernthe strengthrnof associationsrnandrnstatisticalrnsignificancernwasrnconsideredrnatrnp-valuern