Background rnBased on the high vitamin A deficiency rates indicated in the reports of several pocket levelrnsurveys, it can be concluded that vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem exacerbatingrnchild morbidity, mortality and disability in Ethiopia. In order to effectively address the problem, upto-daternandrncomprehensive information isrnimperative.rnrnrnrnObjectivernofrnthernthesisrnrnThe aim of the research is to provide up-to-date and disaggregated information on the magnitudernand determinants of vitamin A deficiency in Ethiopia that are deemed important in the preventionrnand control efforts. rnrnMethodsrnThe national survey, the major component of the research, employed cross-sectional study designrnand multi-stage cluster-sampling approach. A total of 23,148 children were examined for thernclinical signs and symptoms of vitamin A deficiency. Blood was collected from 1200 children forrnserum retinol analysis and a questionnaire addressing most of the potential determinants ofrnvitamin A deficiency was administered to 2552 households. Assessment of risk factors to rnvitamin A deficiency among primary school children employed a case-control study design andrnincluded 97 clinical cases and 194 controls. In addition, analysis of beta carotene contents ofrnfifteen food items, five each from common vegetables, common fruits and common staple foodsrnwas done. rn Results rnThe survey revealed high prevalence rates of vitamin A deficiency across the country. Thernnational bitotâ€™s spot prevalence rate was 1.7% with the highest rates in the Amhara Regionrn(3.2%), followed by the prevalence rates in Afar (2.1%), Oromiya (1.5%), Addis Ababa (1.4%),rnHarari (1.2%) and Dire Dawa (1.1%). The national maternal night blindness prevalence rate wasrn1.8% with the high prevalence rates in Tigray (14.1%), Benishangul-Gumuz (5.7%), Afar (1.2%)rnand Amhara (1.0%). The national weighted prevalence rate of subclinical vitamin A deficiencyrn(