Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is associated with a higher incidence ofrnmaternal, perinatal, and neonatal morbidities. Publication around the world showed thatrnoverweight and /obesity is a potential risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Because ofrnlate antenatal care booking in our country and self-report of pre-pregnancy body mass indexrnis not reliable, itâ€™s difficult to get pre-pregnancy or early pregnancy body mass index tornmeasure overweight and obesity. Despite the increment in the incidence of overweight andrnobesity in our country, there is limited study showing the association of overweight andrnobesity with GDM in pregnant women and even the available studies lack consistency in rnfindings. rnObjective: This study aims to assess the association of maternal overweight and obesity with rngestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women in selected hospitals of Addis Ababa fromrnMarch 10 to July 30, 2020. rnMethods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted on 159 pregnant women withrnGDM (case) and 477 pregnant women without GDM (control) in selected hospitals in AddisrnAbaba. Each hospital had been conducted screening of GDM for high-risk pregnant womenrnand diagnosis was made using the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria by arnphysician. Overweight and obesity were measured using Mid-Upper Arm Circumferencern(MUAC) and Calf Circumference (CC). Descriptive statistics used to present the sociodemographicrnrnprofile of the study participants. Binary and multiple logistic regressionrnanalyses were done to measure the association of overweight and obesity with GDM. Findingrnwas reported using adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval and statisticalrndifference was declared at P-value