Comparative Study Of Drug Resistance In Smear Positive New And Re-treatment Cases Of Tuberculosis In The Somali Region Ethiopia

An institution-based retrospective cohort study was carried out in four hospitals located inrnfour zones of the Somali Region to assess the magnitude and pattern of resistance to 5rnessential anti-tuberculosis drugs currently in use and to determine the risk factors associatedrnwith drug resistant TB.rnA total of 190 patients were enrolled consecutively between March and August, 2001; culturernwas performed on 187 specimens and 127 of these (41 re-treatment and 86 new cases)rnunderwent drug susceptibility tests (DST) to five first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid,rnrifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin and thioacetazone) at the Ethiopian Health and NutritionrnResearch Institute in Addis Ababa. Serology for HIV was done on 112 of the 127 patientsrnwith MTB isolates which were included in the analysis.rnResistance to any drug was 17.4% in new cases and 46.3% in previously treated cases. MDRTBrnwas seen in 1.2% and 10% of the new and re-treatment cases, respectively. Double drugrnresistance ranged between 1.2%-2.3% and 7.3-14.6% for new and re-treatment cases,rnrespectively while triple and four-drug resistance were 1.2% for new cases and rangedrnbetween 5-7.5% in re-treatment cases. Resistances to all the 5 drugs were 1.9% and 7.3% inrnnew and re-treatment cases, respectively. The differences in resistance level between the tworngroups were statistically significant at the P

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