Background: Eleven million children under age of five die annually in thernworld as a whole, of which over ten million are in the developing world. Arnlarge proportion of these deaths are preventable and uncounted. To thisrnend a realistic picture of an epidemiological profile and interventionrndevelopments require an understanding of the determinants of childrnmortality. Moreover, a relatively less expensive and feasible method thatrncan yield reliable and valid data is necessary. Though many studies thatrnhave been done to determine factors associated with child deaths, nornsound methods were used.rnObjective: Therefore, this study was designed to identity factorsrnassociated with death of children in the first five years of life.rnMethod: This study was a retrospective cohort study that took secondaryrndata of BRHP and qualitative study design to supplement on the qualityrnof data collection. All birth cohorts born between Jan 1st to Dec 31st,rn2000 were considered as the study population. Data was analyzed usingrnthe Cox proportional Hazard model to track survival pattern of childrenrnand factors associated with child death.rnResults: Infant and under five mortality rates were 83.9 and 118 deathsrnper 1000 live births. Excess mortality was observed in female childrenrnthan in males; moreover, multiple births were at increased risk of dyingrnthan singleton. Urban children had more (50%) chances of survivalrncompared to rural ones. upon stepwise multivariate Cox regressionrnsource of water esp. pipe water, sex of child, multiple births, urbanrnplaces of residence and availability of radio in the household were foundrnto be independent predictors of child survival.rnConclusions and recommendation: mortality is relatively high and the provision of safernand adequate water supply and promotion of child health should be considered in thernarea.