Railway axle like other part of a wheelset is very important for achieving the propulsion of a rail vehicle. However, in case of safety of passengers, railway staff and Freight, care required to avoid failure of the railway axle in-service. In this thesis, the investigation of fatigue failure mechanism of the railway axle carried out using Finite Element Method (FEM). The software used is ANSYS workbench in which the analysis of the railway axle model performed in the wheelset assembly together with a track. The static structural analysis of the axle in ANSYS workbench performed by applying the axle load on the top of the axle boxes in order to investigate and analyse the axle damage, fatigue life and the maximum stress that cause the damage of the axle and factor of safety. In addition, Static structural analysis performed in ANSYS workbench for small-scale (rough and smooth) specimens to investigate and analyse the fatigue strength limit of materials used for axle manufacturing. The finding show that the maximum stress is 661.35MPa for âˆ… 7ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ rough specimen and 564.97MPa for âˆ… 11.5ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ smooth specimen. After the analysis performed in ANSYS workbench, a simulation also performed on nCode to verify fatigue life, damage and maximum stress of the axle. The results obtained from the simulations verified by comparing with the results obtained from the experiment, which are available literature review. The results obtained according to the axle weight of 25tons, 30tons and 35tons in terms of stresses are 86.66MPa, 103.98MPa and 121.3MPa respectively in ANSYS workbench. The maximum fatigue stress obtained due to nCode simulation is 170.6MPa.Recommended from international standard is 200MPa.For small scale specimens, the results agreed with the experimental results in literature review. In case of fatigue of a full axle, there is a variation between the simulation and experimental results and its standards.