Climate Smart Agriculture Assessing Level Of Adoption And Its Contribution To Food Security Of Smallholder Farmers In Artuma-fursi Woreda Oromiya Special Zone Of Amhara Region Ethiopia

Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is a new agricultural approach emerged to improve resiliencernand productivity, leading to improved food security among smallholder farmers in the face of thernmenace of climate change. This study thus assessed adoption level of CSAPs and its contributionrnto food security of smallholder farm households in Artuma-Fursi Woreda. A multistage samplingrntechnique was employed to select 259 sample households. Primary data was collected throughrnstructured interview questionnaire using pre-tested cross-sectional survey schedules; and KIIrnand FGDs. Content analysis and close examination of existing CSAPs in the study area werernused to identify and group the CSAPs actively used by farmers. Then, a descriptive statistics,rncalled Adaptation Strategy Use Index (ASUI) was used to identify the extent of adoption of eachrnCSAPs in terms of their frequency of use by farmers. To assess links between farm households’rnlevel of adoption and their food security status, the researcher went through two steps. Firstly, arnComposite Score Method was used to classify farm households based on their level of adoption,rnwhile the second step involved assessment of households’ food security status as measured by thernHFBM and HFIAS. Finally, an ordered Probit model was employed to assess factors influencingrnadoption level of CSAPs in the study area. Results revealed that some 30 CSAPs were actively inrnuse by farmers at different extent and combination, and were presented in five groups, namelyrnCMPs, LMPs, SWCPs, AEPs and IFES. Further results indicated that CMPs (use of improvedrncrop varieties, alley cropping, mechanical weed control, and change planting dates), LMPsrn(applying fodder conservation, diversify livestock species and use cut and carry feeding) andrnSWCPs (conservation tillage, crop rotation and in situ water conservation) were the most widelyrnadopted CSAPs, while AEPs (integrating trees in croplands and bee-keeping) and IFES (biogasrnproduction and use of efficient biomass stoves) were the least adopted CSAPs in the study area.rnRegarding level of adoption, 44.4% of the households were medium adopters, followed by thernlow adopters (32.8%). Only 22.8% were high adopters. It was evident that CSAPs had a greatrnpotential to improve food security of farm households. Results of the HFBM indicated 49.2% ofrnhigh adopters were in the acceptable calorie consumption category (>=2,100), in which onlyrn4.7% were low adopters. In contrast, 64.7% of the low CSA adopters were in the poor caloriernconsumption category (

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