Significant increments of Large-Scale Agricultural Investments in Ethiopia were sparked in thisrnpast decade primarily ignited by the world food price crisis in 2007/8. Agricultural investmentsrncommenced following this year were hoped by both the government and investors to providerndecent employment, transferring technology, food security and infrastructure development to thernlocal communities. However, allocations have been subject to controversy in terms of negativernimpacts on rights and livelihoods of local communities as confirmed by most researchersrninterested on this.rnYet, while full effects of such investments may materialize many years after their establishment,rnthere is a dearth of literature that examine the effects of long-established farm investments inrnEthiopia. Given this and many other concerns, this study examined the impact of one of the longestablishedrnfarm investments in Ethiopia, Birr Farm Investment. In so doing, the study hasrnadopted sustainability as a theoretical framework and employed qualitative research approach.rnData were collected from Federal level institutions, Woreda and communities in the vicinity ofrnthe farm using FGDs, interviews, and observations as principal data collection instruments. Thernstudy has also made use of secondary data that were crucial for this study.rnThe study found out that Birr farm investment has little meaningful effect in terms ofrnemployment, technology transfer and infrastructural development. Livelihoods of localrncommunities are being jeopardized by the farm investment, at the same time; resistances fromrnthe local communities are adversely affecting the farm investment. Examination of workingrnconditions and welfare system inside Birr farm also revealed that profit motive attitude of therninvestment has kept workers in the vicious cycle of poverty and the violation of basic humanrnrights as well. Furthermore, massive impacts on the environment were also noted. Hardly anyrnpositive effects on the ground by Birr farm investment has been found in this study. From arnsustainability perspective, this study underscores the need to take into account the impact ofrnfarm investments upon local communities rights, livelihoods and the environment. The need to tierndown investors with contractual obligations to deliver social services and regular monitoringrnand evaluation of such investments to employ sustainable agricultural investing is alsornemphasized.