This thesis has focused on a special type of the resettlement and rnrehabilitation process implemented in response to the group or category of rnpeople displaced by conflicts. The violent ethnic conflict between th~ rnspontaneous migrant Amhara settlers and the local Oromo population resulted in rnthe displacement of about 13, 000 spontaneous migrant settlers. The migrant cum-displacees or Internally Displaced People (lOPs) were made to stay at rnemergency relief camp near Bure town, one of the towns in west Gojam rnadministrative zone. As part of the current resettlement program designed and rnexcuted by the Regional States, the lOPs have been resettled and/or rnrehabilitated by the Amhara regional state. The region has undertaken almost all rndecisions, measures and activities in the course of rehabilitating the lOPs both at rnthe displacement camp and in th~ new resettlement site. A series of overlapping rnmeasures and activities have been carried out by the region ever since their rndisplacement in December 2000 and subsequent resettlement in the new rnresettlement site. This thesis, therefore attempts to present the livelihoods and rnsocial impacts of the displacement-induced resettlement and rehabilitation rnprocess in Jaw resettlement site, located in the Beles-Valley areas of rnnorthwestern lowlands. rnDuring the research period, Jawi resettlement site has been inhabited by rnfour categories of people including: the local Agaws; Muslim immigrant settlers, rnwho are referred to by the lC?cal people as Islam; Christian immigrants settlers rnwho are also referred to by the local people as zellan (Nomad) and the resettled rndisplacees. Heterogeneous groups of people have been persuaded to live rntogether in close proximity to one another in a very small resettlement site putting rngreat pressure on local resources. In order to understand, explain and analyze rnthe livelihood and social impacts of the resettlement and rehabilitation, the kinds rnof interactions and relationships as well as the internal dynamics of change which rnoccurred in connection with the resettlement and rehabilitation process, rninformants have been inteNiewed from among all categories of people inhabiting rnthis new resettlement site. rnII rnThe research findings demonstrated that it was not only the resettled rndisplacees that have been exposed to incredible challenges, hardships and rnstresses in Jawi resettlement site but also the local communities. The challenges rnand stressful situations have emanated from the hasty and ad hoc manner in rnwhich the lOPs were made to resettle in the area. There have been different rnmanifestations of the challenges, difficulties and stresses both the resettled rndisplacees and the local communities have experienced since the influx of lOPs rninto the area. Among others, the resettled displacees have been vulnerable to rnthe problems of landlessness, homelessness, loss of their livestock and an rnincreased morbidity and mortality in the new homes. The local communities in rnthe study area have also been exposed to the resettlement and rehabilitation rninduced land appropriation processes which were grossly overlooked by the rnregionai authorities. rnIn response to the above-stated challenges, difficulties and stresses, the rnresettled displacees as well as the local communities envisaged different survival rnand adaptive mechanisms. In the study area, the dynamics of survival and rnadaptive strategies have been manifested through the socio -economic rninteractions and relationships . with the different categories of the local rncommunities as well as among themselves.