Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Oromiya NationalrnRegional state. Its management and control depends on many factors, some of whichrnhave not been studied at the level of urban community. The objective of this study is tornidentify what households in Jimma Town community perceive to be the cause andrnsymptoms of malaria and their treatment and control perceptions for malaria. A crosssectionalrnstudy design was utilized employing both quantitative and qualitative datarncollection methods. A simple random cluster sampling procedure was used to select thernganda, after which the sample households were proportionally allocated to each ganda.rnFinally, interviews were conducted with 422 heads or representative of households. Thernstudy was conducted between March and April 2008. The study findings indicate that therncommunity has multiple aetiologies for malaria. Of the 422 heads of householdsrninterviewed, 374 (88.6 percent) indicated mosquito as the cause of the disease. Otherrnaetiological beliefs included: 269(70.4 percent) exposure to unhygienic conditions andrn129(30.4 percent) cold weather as causes of malaria. And only about 3.8 percentrnindicated witchcraft. Many of the respondents (91.5 percent) could identify malaria byrnseveral correct symptoms. In the treatment of malaria, various health resources such asrnpublic health facilities, over-the counter medications, private clinics and herbalrnmedicines are used. For first choice of care, many households used private healthrnfacilities. However, for poor households the other forms of treatment especially Jimmarnmalaria control center and Jimma University Hospital seem to have been preferred. Arnrecent strategy of malaria treatment, Home Management of Malaria, has lackedrncommunity support for its full implementation. For most 330(88 percent) of householdsrnthe use of insecticide treated bed net was mentioned as the most widely practicedrnpreventive method for malaria. Among these only 71.1 percent the households own thernnet currently. Weak intersectoral linkage, poverty, population movement and poorrnenvironmental management appear to be factors worsening malaria management andrncontrol in the Town. Thus, understanding community perceptions of aetiology, symptomrnidentification and treatment and control of malaria is an important step towards therncontrol of the disease