There are anecdotal evidences suggesting that the rollout of ART in Ethiopiarnfacing challenges from social and religious directions. These social and religiousrnchallenges have attracted the interest of the writer of this thesis. And the project hasrnbeen conceived with the objective of identifying the social and religious challenges ofrnART program at the selected two PLWHA associations.rnFor the study, cross-sectional qualitative research method was applied. In-depthrninterview with selected twenty individuals and focus group discussion with two groupsrn(each had six participants) were conducted. More over, four key informant interviewsrnwere also carried out.rnThe study suggested that there are different knowledge and attitudes towardsrnHIV/AIDS and ART that affect the uptake of ART. We can categorize the participantsâ€™rnattitude towards using ART in to three. The first group strongly disagrees with the idearnof using ART considering it as a weapon of Satan. This group of participants believesrnthat HIV/AIDS is a punishment sent from God or it is caused by evil spirit. For them, itrncan be cured and has to be treated only by holy water.rnThe second group regards ART as a supporter of the holy water. So, theyrnbelieve in taking ARV with the holy water concomitantly. The other attitude supportedrnwith few informants was using only ART to treat HIV/AIDS. Respondents with thisrnstand expressed their fear saying that the spiritual practices like fasting and going tornthe holy water sites in cold weather may hamper the therapy of ARV drugs.rnIn addition to religion related factors, social factors are also noted to playrnsignificant role in affecting the ARV uptake. Most of the respondents ART are takingrnthe drugs secretly in fear of the stigma and discrimination they may encounter.rnEspecially, members of Mekdim Ethipia National Association were subjected to thisrnsituation because they are living in the inner part of the city. Inspite of some problemsrnin using the drug and holy water simultaneously at the holy water site, the socialrnrelation at Entoto locality is encouraging for the users. Most of the respondents whornwere living at Entoto have no interest to leave the place because they are socially freernthere.rnIn conclusion, the issue is waiting for large scale study in order to measure thernmagnitude of the problem and for implementation of possible measures at a wide rangernto abate the problems