The impact of HIV/AIDS on orphan and vulnerable children is one of the challenges thatrncommunities in sub-Saharan countries encounter. Yet, in countries such as Ethiopia, the effort thatrncommunities exert to combat and address the problem and extent of the response has not been fullyrndocumented. This thesis begins to address this gap in existing scholarship by presenting a case studyrnof one communityâ€™s response to the care of orphan and vulnerable children (OVC). Its purpose is torncome up with inputs for designing community-based programs and strategies to address the problem inrnthe study area. The study was conducted in Guangua woreda, Awi Zone, Amhara National Regionalrnstate. The methods employed are qualitative, utilizing data collection techniques such as interviewsrnwith OVC caregivers, service providers, community-based organizations (CBOs), civil societyrnassociations, and faith-based organizations (FBOs). The research methods also include three caserninterviews with OVC and field observation. The main findings suggest that community awareness tornthe problem of OVC is relatively high in Chagni- town, but response to the problem is low. HIV/AIDSrnand poverty are the main factors that attribute to the vulnerability and problems of OVC and theirrncaregivers. Almost all OVC and their caregivers live in abject poverty and are unable to meet theirrnbasic needs. The extended family and local HIV/AIDS projects are the main providers of care andrnsupport to OVC in the community. Nevertheless, some community initiatives exist. These includernEgna-Legna Orphan and Street Children Association (ELOSCA), an OVC association, and care andrnsupport by community iddirs. The types of care and support provisions are mainly financial andrnmaterial; medical, legal support and psychosocial support are generally non-existent. The mainrnchallenges that the community encounters in OVC care and support are stigma and discrimination,rnpoverty and lack of OVC policy and guidelines on community-based care and support. Policy andrnpractice implications of the study include the need for more extensive community assessments of thernsituation of OVC and their caregivers. There is also a need to build the capacity of local communitiesrnto respond to OVC, including advocating and lobbying for adoption and foster care, as well asrnresource mobilization for comprehensive care and support for OVC living in the community.rnMoreover, there is a need for the endorsement of OVC policy as guidelines for implementingrncommunity care and support. The study also suggests the need for more comprehensive communitybased,rnintegrative approaches that incorporate the prevention of HIV/AIDS in the community andrnpoverty alleviation programs for children and families