Gender based violence is any act of physical, psychological, and sexual impacts onrnwomen by men due to the fact that they are women. Different studies conducted onrngender based violence among the communities of Arsi zone emphasizes on the magnitudernof the problem and never mainly discussed on the root causes of the problem. Byrnunderstanding this gap, this study tries to look on some of the main causes associatedrnwith the culture of the local community and other non cultural causes which furtherrnaggravate the problems. In addition, this study revealed different consequences of genderrnbased violence in the local context and pave the way for further studies in the area ofrngender based violence. The objectives of this study are assessing how gender basedrnviolence is embeded in the socio cultural practices of the society, identifying the possiblerncauses that further exacerbate the situation of gender based violence against women inrnHetosa district, exploring the inequalities of gender as a social construction that paves thernway for gender based violence, and finally describing the consequences of gender basedrnviolence on individual and society of the study area.rnThis study is conducted under the umbrella of qualitative research methodology and therndata sources were both primary and secondary sources. In that, systematic observation,rninterview and focus group discussion are the data gathering techniques under primaryrnsources and different earlier studies by other researchers, and published books are thernsecondary sources of this study. I made indepth interviews with women, focus grouprndiscussion with women who experience gender based violence and were reporting thererncases to the formal court system, the police, or women and children affairs. Hence, therntarget groups of this study are women in the age of majority (18+) and women who havernsuffered from any types of gender based violence. Some men were also among my keyrninformants who provided me with a wide range of information concerning gender based violence. In this study, I used different approaches to conduct women at the police office,rnwomen and children affairs office, local court compound and home to home visit.rnIt is found that the main cultural causes for gender based violence among the communityrnof Hetosa district are traditional marital structure, religion based attitudes, genderrnsocialization, social attitudes toward sexes, patriarchical institutions, and the weakinig ofrntraditional inistitutions that safeguard the rights of women. Other non cultural causesrninclude individual/ group interest, low education/ illitrecy, alcohol and drug abuse, andrnrisk calculation. This study also identified the main types of gender based violencernamong the people of Hetosa district like economic abuse, sexual harassment/ emotionalrnabuse, woman beating, and rape. Other types of gender based violence like abduction,rnfemale genital mutilation, and early marriage are found to be rarely occur in in the area ofrnmy study. The earlier major types of gender based violence identified among the peoplernof Hetosa district has different consequences on individuals and community at large.rnSome of the main consequences identified are marital divorce, poverty, physical harm/rninjury, unwanted pregnancy, child birth or abortion, vulnerability to sexually transmittedrndisease, mental illness, and murder