Literature Review Design Of Structural Concrete Using Strut-andtie Model And Application To Some Special Structures

Through out history engineers have been looking for ways of designing structures that are simplernand would accurately model real life objects. In order to achieve this, actual structures have tornbe modeled in such a way that they become amenable to analysis. This was mainly achieved by arnmathematical modeling. Whilst many parts of structures can be modeled mathematically tornrelate accurately with the test results, some parts of a structure notably, where there are openingsrnand discontinuities pose a problem. This is basically due to the inability to model themrnaccurately, resulting in difficulty of obtaining reliable estimate of the stress values. On this linerntherefore various modeling approaches, for such regions of discontinuity have been proposed.rnThese sections of “discontinuity” or in short “D-regions” include beam-column connections,rnareas of openings etc. These sections have been difficult to understand and analyze in the designrnof structures. Therefore, the question arises, how can all components of a structure be analyzedrnand hence understood and designed with equal accuracy? What alternative analysis approachesrnare possible?rnIn the past many structural analysis approaches have been developed to address the variousrnproblems faced in real life. Some of the advanced features include the non-linear stress analysis,rnfinite element method, etc. further to this the strut-and-tie modeling has been developed as anrnalternative structural analysis method to address regions of discontinuity, whose analysis has sornfar been addressed through the conventional analysis approach.rnThe strut-and-tie model is a powerful tool for analyzing the structures in areas of disturbances orrndiscontinuity in either geometry or statics. Hence, designing such special structures andrnxivrnpredicting their behavior will increase the possibility of using them in confidence, as well asrnmaking them safe.rnThe objective of this thesis is therefore to introduce a brief actual review of the theoreticalrnbackground, definitions of the strut-and-tie model, its compliance to the real world, briefrnexample of selected structures (as an application of the Strut-and-tie model to real structure) andrndesigning of a special structure. The final result gives structural engineers options of analysisrnapproaches capable of application to all types of systems. By considering an alternative approachrnto current design approaches this study will be applicable to the analysis and design of specialrnstructures such as beam-column connections, openings in the shear walls, deep beams abovernlarge opening of a building (for circulation), corbels, monuments etc.rnThe literature survey of the topic has encompassed review of landmark papers on this topic,rntextbooks, journals and available literature. Finally, two typical structures and one specialrnstructure, a monument, are designed in an attempt to visualize the Strut-and-tie model.

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