In this study we have investigated the factors of adherence to ART and selectedrnthose factors or variables that can discriminate between adherent and non adherentrnpatients on ART. Simple structured questionnaire was employed and self reportedrnadherence measurement was used. Bivariate data analysis was used to investigaternthe association of the independent variables adherence to ART using Pearson Chisquarernfor categorical variables and parametric and non parametric measure ofrnassociation was used for the opinion variables. Further more, Multivariate datarnanalysis was used to investigate the combination effect of the variables usingrnPrincipal component analysis, Factor analysis and Discriminant analysis.rnThe study sample comprises of 147 HIV patients who receive ART in thernShashemene General Hospital (SGH).They were interviewed using simplernstructured questionnaire. Using self report measure of adherence in the two weeksrnof study period 81% of the patients on ART were adherent. Where as 19% of thernpatients were non adherent. The mean non adherence percentage was calculatedrnusing only those non adherent patients and it was 81.19%.The major reasons of nonrnadherence were: forget to take (28.6%), confused how and when to take (17.9%)rnand feel depressed (14.2%). The following factors were associated with adherencernto ART using bivariate data analysis: occupation, Education level, Income,rndepression, and service hour. However, in the multivariate analysis some of thernvariables have been dropped. In multivariate analysis we used only the likert scalernvariables. Using principal component analysis and factor analysis four factors werernextracted from the whole study variables. We labeled them as social support, HIVrnserostatus disclosure; Home based care and psychological well being. While usingrndiscriminant analysis we identified depression, poor NGO support and HIVrnserostatus disclosure as barriers of adherence and no transportation problem, strongrnNGO support, good reception in the service area and high CD4 count have beenrnidentified as facilitators of adherencernThe mean self reported adherence rate was calculated and was found to be 84.62%.rnIn addition to this, 81% of the patients are below the 95% threshold value forrnadherence. To improve adherence of patients on ART, the current ART programrnshould strive to manage depression before and after the initiation of ART. Strongrnlinkage between NGOs which are working in care and support program has to bernestablished.A collaborative work with the community to increase the awareness ofrnviiirnART in the community has to be implemented. Further more intervention on thernservice area to improve the service quality and a free transportation or equivalentrnmethod of alleviating the transportation problem has positive impacts on the resultsrnof the program