Under-five death (U5CD) is used as a population health indicator. It remains a big issue forrndeveloping countries, especially as researchers attempt to distinguish what factors contribute tornthe high levels. However under five death is still an issue and most studies have not consideredrnregional variations of mothers in their studies.rnObjective:rnThe Objective of this study is to investigate and quantify the regional variation of under-fiverndeath per mother and explore the major risk factors of under-five child death taking intornconsideration various demographic, socio-economic and health and environmental factors.rnMethod:rnThus, the study analyzes responses mothers on the number of deaths of children aged less thanrn60 months that they have experienced in their lifetime. Single and multilevel count model arernused to explore the major risk factors and regional differentials in under-five mortality inrnEthiopia.rnResult and conclusion:rnDescriptive statistics results show that nationally approximately one third (36%) of mothersrnhave lost at least one under-five child in their lifetime. This figure (percent) is almost similar inrnall regions except Addis Ababa (which is 16%). The single level Poisson regression (multiplernregression) results showed higher incidence rate of under-five deaths for SNNP, Gambela andrnBen-Gumuz, while lower rates were estimated for Somalia and Addis Ababa. It was observedrnthat regional differences in under-five mortality were reduced in magnitude when controls werernadded in the regression model. The relationship between under-five mortality and thernexplanatory variables age at first birth, mother education level, religion, employment status ofrnmother and economic status of mother are significant. The preliminary plot ofrnestimated/predicted U5CD for all regions versus different predictors shows mortality variesrnbetween regions of Ethiopia. The multilevel analysis further showed that there are substantialrnunder-five death variations per mother among regions in Ethiopia, and are significant (ðˆ ð’–ðŸŽrnðŸ =rn0.14, se= 0.021 and P-value