The main propose of this study was to examine the factors that affect female students’rnmathematics achievement in Bole Sub-City Government First Cycle Secondary Schools.rnCausal relation research design was employed to investigate the problem. Using simplernrandom sampling technique 312 participants were selected from a total of 1431 targetrnpopulation. Achievement test, questionnaire and interview were the instrument employedrnin data collection. From multiple regression analysis of data, the result indicated thatrncoefficient of multiple determination (R2=0.412), 41.2% of the variation in femalernstudents mathematics achievement test was accounted by variability in major sociorneconomic variables (education, occupation and income) of parents. Similarly, (R2=0.674),rn67.4% of the variation in female students mathematics achievement was accounted byrnvariability in both out of school and in school factors like, home related factors, personalrnfactors and in school related factors. Therefore, it is better to intervene the problemrnespecially; the Education office of Bole Sub-City and School Principals should coach tornhandle the problem (factors) that affect female students’ mathematics achievement bothrnin school and out of school by acting as facilitator with parents, stakeholders, concernedrnbodies and students