The purpose of this study is to examine the status of primary school participation ofrnLiben Zone. It also aimed at identifying the major socio-cultural socio- economic andrnschool related factors that hinder primary school participation. It further investigates thernalternative modes of delivery that promote participation by reviewing experience of otherrncountries. Descriptive survey data analysis method was used. Percentage was one of thernstatistical methods that used to explain the personality characteristics of respondents. Inrnaddition, The Chi-square (X2) was also used to measure the exista,"lce of significantrndifference between the responses of respondents. The questionnaires were dislribuled tornstudents and teachers. Moreover, PTA members and Somalis' of Liben Zone wererninvolved in the focus group discussions and inlerviews respectively. The data obtainedrnfrom documentary analysis indicated that the Somali region net enrollment ratio wasrnfound to be far below the national average: It was found that among the socio-culturalrnfactors, early marriage, modern education could take children time of training, negativernattitude towards girls and their education and f ear of modern education in providingrnskills about livestock are found to be the major impediments to primary schoolrnparticipation. As to socio-economic factors, high demand of child labor, poverty, healthrnproblems, lack of water and forage for animals and the mobile life of pastoralists are thernmajor obstacles for primary school participation. In addition, lack of special support andrnseparate toilet for girls, lack of water services in schools and shortu~:e of students textrnbooks were found to be the major impediments of primary school participation regardingrnschool related factors. However, fear of religious and cultural change, children will berndisobedient after school, lack of awareness of teachers', inappropriate medium ofrninstruction, problems of sexual harassment or rape, and fear of early pregnancy found tornhave low impact on primary school participation in Liben Zone. To over come thesernproblems, it is recommended that the Regional cmd Federal Governments incorporationrnwith the community and different NGDs should design strategies that meet the needs ofrnSomali pastoralists through opening boarding schools, hostels, school feeding programsrnand increasing demand by introducing incentives. Moreover, community sensitizationrnprograms should be designed and implemented.