JY,is sludy is concerned wilh Ihe roles of civil sociely organizalions (CSOs) in nurluring the socialrnpsychological makeup of AiDS orphaned children. Two CSO groups, representing secular NGOs and FailhrnBased Organizations (FBOs) thaI are implemenling orphans-jocused programs in Asella, Adama, and Awassarntowns were involved. Two main inslruments, namely, a queslionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD)rngUiding keys and discussion issues that were believed to generale the required data were conslructed andrnulilized. The oblained data were analyzed by employing descriplive!qualitalive and quantitative procedures.rnThis study disclosed that the responding CSOs recognized the need to play key roles related to foste ringrnthe social psychological wellbeing oj' AiDS orphaned children. The study also revealed that not all of therntargeted CSOs have actively undertaken Ihe required roles through their orphans-jocused programs tornoptimize the wellbeing of children orphaned due to AiDSrnIn relation to the organizational role taking initiatives of the responding CSOs towards cultivating thernessential social psychological attributes (aspects of personality development, issues of promoting good sensernof identity, isslles of orphans socialization, and issues of fostering orphans interpersonal needs), the stucO'rnmapped out three scenarios oj' organizational competencies. The jirst scenario presents roles that thernresponding CSOs have undertaken at great organizational competencies in c7dtivating these essentialrnattributes, which entails positive qualities in the role taking initiatives of a small number of targeted CSOs.rntowards./ostering the social psychological makeup of AIDS orphaned children.rnLikewise, the second scenario introduces roles that have been undertaken by the targeted CSOs atrnmediocre organizational competencies in enhanCing the aforementioned allributes, presenting promisingrnqualities, but insuffiCient, in the role tak, ing initiatives of greater proportion of the targeted CSOs towardsrnfostering the wellbeing of AiDS orphaned children. However, the third scenario illustrates roles that thernresponding CSOs have undertaken at scarcity organizational competencies in cultivating the four essentialrnsocial psychological attributes, revealing awfitllfh,strating situations in the role taking iniliatives o./Iew oj'therntargeted CSOs in their responses 10 curb the long standing devaslating situations of the HIV/AiDS pandemiC,rnwhich kept on shalfering the lives of miilions of Ethiopian children (our jillure), as long as the velY existencernafour society and nation is concerned.rnThe study found that such important HIV/AiDS intervention policy issues as slrategic & operationalrnplanning, community mobilization/participation, and advocacy/popularization of orphans support andrnprotection that are believed to gUide some practical actions towards promoting the psychosocial wellbeing ofrnolphaned children remained the concern of only about half of the responding CSOs. Conversely. it depictedrnunexpected setback among some of the targeted CSOs in reconCiling observable gaps in their HIV/AIDSrninterventions policy and strategic issues that seem to be insuffiCient for stipulating eminent constituents torn'/ostering the social and psychological wellbeing CilAiDS orphaned children.rn1'l,e study also disclosed the yearnings for in-built, strong & unifYing system through which ta buildrncollaborative relationship/partnership among CSOs operating in the three study sites. The existence ofrnunifying system is believed to enhance the capacities 0/ these institutions in exponding comprehensivernpsychosocial services to transform the status of long standing crises and adversities of the HIV/AIDSpandemicrnthat the ever increasing numbers of AIDS orphaned children suffer.