The purpose of this study was to examine the major success, challenges and prospectsrnin achieving the target of UPE in the agro-pastoralist areas of BenishangulGumuz Regionrnof Metekel zone . Based on this, analyzing the status of primary education with respectrnto the Agro-pastoralist Gumuz localities is very important to decide up on the futurerngoals which are intended to meet the target at the year 2015. Particularly to providernprimary education to all children of the official school admission age, evaluating thernchallenging factors and identifying the cause for prevailing problem and suggesting thernpossible strategies to alleviate the problems enables to achieve the UPE target.rnThe research design employed in this study was descriptive survey. Apart fromrnconsultation of relevant documents from different source, data were gathered from 305rnGumuz students, 86 teachers, 15 school principals, 21 REB, zone and woredarneducational experts and officials, 21 PTA members 12 Gumuz community elders and 15rnKETB teams. The data collected was analyzed using some statistical tools likernpercentage, mean and chi-square test .rnThe data from documentary analYSis indicated that the educational status of AgroPastoralistrnGumuz children participation in primary school is extremely low. Thisrnindicated that there were challenging factors for the Agro-pastoralist Gumuz localities tornachieve the target of UPE. Based on this finding, school related and out-of-schoolrnrelated constraints were assessed to identify the challenging factors. The school relatedrnchallenges like irrelevance of curriculum, inappropriate medium of instruction, shortagernof student text book, absence of upper primary (5-8) school have been identified asrnmajor challenges that hinder the achievement of UPE. The out-of-school challengingrnfactors were further categorized as socio-economic, socio-cultural and socio-climaticrnproblems. The socio-economic constraints like low parental income, high demand ofrnchild labor by their parents, distance from home to school and lack of awareness ofrnGumuz parents about the value of education were found to be the major barriers to therneducational involvement of the Agro-pastoralist Gumuz children. Moreover, socioculturalrnconstraints like existence of exchanging Gumuz females to get wife for herrnbrother, lack of educated role model, and lack of awareness of Gumuz parents aboutrnthe value of girls' education were also found to be the major barriers to educationalrnparticipation of the agro-pastoralist Gumuz children. Furthermore, socio-climaticrnconstrains like the impact of malaria on the students health were found as a majorrnproblem . Hence, it is concluded that in most cases there was challenges that hinder therninvolvement of Agro-pastoralist Gumuz children in primary schools which was a functionrnof school related, Socio-economic, socio-cultural and socio-climatic constraints, whichrnaltogether indicated as there were challenges in achieving UPE particularly in the agropastoralistsrnlocalities and generally in the region. Depending on this findings thernrecommendation made for addressing the challenges are upgrading the existing schools,rnusing the non-formal approach, using resettlement program, realizing awareness andrnadvocacy program, using boarding school, school feeding program and using alternativernbasic education .