The main purpose of this study is to investigate major factors that have an impactrnon female student's academic achievement in general secondary schools of Eastrnwel/ega zone. The study attempt to identity in school and out of school factorsrnrelated to girls' education. To attain the objectives, the study employedrndescriptive survey method. Thus, the study was conducted on five generalrnsecondary schools of East Wollega zone that were selected using simplernrandom sampling techniques from 20 general secondary schools of the zonernincluding Ne/eemte special town. The study includes 300 female studentsrnselected from grade 9 and 10, and 50 teachers by using simple randomrnsampling; 5 principals and 5 woreda education office leaders by availabilityrnsampling respectively, and 10 parents of females students by simple randomrnsampling technique from sample schools. Document analysis, questionnairesrnand interview were the instruments for data collection. The data gathered werernanalyzed by statistical tools such as percentage, chi-square and rank orderrncorrelations. Generally, the study identified some of the major findings such asrnlack of parental support, lack of how level of parental education, females lack ofrnmotivation to learn, lack of guidance and counseling services in schools, lack ofrneducational materials, home school distance etc. Based on the results of thernfindings, some identified school related factors associated with female studentsrnlow academic achievement were: lack of instructional materials, lack of availablernguidance and counseling services in schools, females lacle of motivation tornlearn, and females absenteeism from the class. On the other hand, lack ofrnparental support, parental lack or low level of education, female students laclernof study time at home, and home school distance are some of the out-of-schoolsrnfactors for low academic achievement of f emale students in the zone. It wasrnalso found that the factors that affect the academic performance of femalernstudents is a function of multi dimensional variables which generally emanaternfrom in school and out of school systems. Therefore, timely correction of the abovernvariables should bring a considerable change in academic achievement of femalernstudents. Thus, it was recommended that the government, the school community.rnNGDs, and the society in general should work hand in hand to change thernexisting s ituation to up bring the academic achievement of female students inrngeneral secondary schools.