Identification And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Of Staphylococcus Species Isolated From Raw Milk Swabs Of Udders Milking Utensils And Milkers Hands In Small Holder And Dairy Farms In Ambo And Guder Town

A cross sectional study was conducted in Guder and Ambo town from December to Junern2015, to estimate the prevalence, determine the associated risk factors and antibioticrnsusceptibility profiles of isolated Staphylococcus species from raw milk, udder swabs,rnmilkers’ hand and swabs of utensils. A total of 339 samples were collected from smallrnholder and dairy farms. These samples contained 135 raw milk, 25 swabs from milkers’rnhands, 135 swabs of udder and 44 swab samples from milking utensils. Primary andrnsecondary biochemical tests were used to identify the Staphylococcus species; risk factorsrnwere assessed through interview and personal observation and Antibiotic disk diffusionrnmethod using Kirby Bauer technique was applied for Antimicrobial susceptibility test.rnStaphylococcus species identified from all samples were categorized into CoagulasernNegative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius andrnStaphylococcus hyicus. The prevalence of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus,rnStaphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hycius and Staphylococcus intermedius foundrnfrom milk in the study area were 40%, 12.6%, 16.2% and 5.9%, respectively. Thernprevalence of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus was 43.7% from swab of udder, 36.6%rnfrom swab of milking utensils and 40% from swab of milkers hands. In addition, thernprevalence of S. aureus was 15.5% from swab of udder, 9% from swab of milking utensilsrnand 20% from swabs of milkers hands. Using chi- square test association between riskrnfactors and isolation of Staphylococcus species from milk was analyzed. The resultrnindicated that the prevalence of Staphylococcus species in milk had statistically significantrnassociation based on parity (P= 0.036, usage of towels (P=0.006) and previous treatmentrn(P= 0.022). Out of 108 coagulase positive Staphylococcus species identified, 50 isolatesrnwere subjected to 12 antimicrobial susceptibility disks (Erythromycin, Pencillin,rnSteptomycin, Tetracycline, Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin,rnNitrofuranton, Amoxacylin, Nalidxic Acid, Doxycycline and Ampicillin) (Oxoid, BasingrnStoke, UK). The result of antimicrobial susceptibility tests indicated that 100% isolatedrnStaphylococcus aureus were resistant to Ampicillin and Penicillin, 90% to Amoxicillin,rn45% to Nalidxic Acid, 40% to Tetracycline and 20% to Doxycycline. Out of tested S.rnintermedius isolates 100% were resistant to Ampicillin, 70% to Nalidixic Acid andrnPencillin, 50% to Vancomyin and 10% to Amoxacillin. Among 20 S. hyicus isolates 90%rnxiirnwere resistant to Ampicillin, 85% to Penicillin, 60% to Amoxacillin, 15% to Streptomycinrnand Tetracycline. On the contrary, all tested Staphylococcus species isolates werernsusceptible to Ciprofloxacin. The current study revealed that the prevalence ofrnStaphylococcus species in raw milk was high and isolates of Staphylococcus species werernresistant to a number of drugs. Therefore, raw milk should be pasteurized and handledrnhygienically. In addition, further research should be done on the factor favor multidrugrnresistant Staphylococcus species and other risk factors responsible for milk contaminationrnin the study area.rnKeywords: Ambo, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles, Dairy Farms, Guder,rnIdentification, Isolation, Raw Milk, Small holder, Staphylococcus

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