Pathogenicity Of Trypanosoma Vivax Isolates From Tsetse And Non-tsetse Infested Areas Of Northwest Ethiopia In Experimentally Infected Calves Biochemical Cytokine And Clinico-pathological Examination

Trypanosomosis is a protozoan disease of animals and humans in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, particularly the northwest region is affected by both tsetse and non-tsetse transmitted trypanosomosis. The objectives of the present study were to determine biochemical changes, cytokine responses and clinicopathological findings and compare differences in virulence of Trypanosoma vivax infection between tsetse and non-tsetse infested areas of northwest Ethiopia. Sixteen calves were experimentally infected with T. vivax isolates from tsetse and tsetse free area of selected sites which was originally isolated from naturally infected cattle to study the hematological, biochemical, histopathological and major cytokine alterations during the evolution of the disease. The animals were divided in four groups, TT, NT1, NT2 and NIC, each consisting of four infected (TT, NT1 and NT2) and four (NIC) control animals, respectively. The animals were kept in strict hygienic conditions and on a zero grazing schedule. Animals of group TT, NT1 and NT2 were exposed to 1 x 106trypanosome/ml (2ml of blood) intravenously. The course of the experimental infection was followed up to 11 weeks. Non-infected control animals demonstrated a progressive and significantly higher weight gain (16.3% or 12kg at the end of the study period) compared to infected groups (P

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