Anthelmintic Utilization Practices In Adaa District And In Vitro Anthelmintics Efficacy Study Against Haemonchus.contortus And Trichostrongylus.columbriformis In Oromia Ethiopia

The present study was conducted to assess anthelmintic (AH) utilization practices in Ada’arnDistrict of East Showa zone and evaluate the efficacy of commonly used anthelmintic classes ofrndifferent brands collected from local markets A structured questionnaire survey was undertakenrnwith 100 respondents farmers owning sheep and/or goats. For the Ah efficacy study, four drugsrnof different brands (Albendazole (ABZ) for egg hatch test, levamisole (LEV) and ivermectinrn(IVM) for larval motility test, and tetramisole (TMZ) for adult motility test) were investigatedrnagainst local isolate of Haemonchus.contortus and Trichostrongylus columbriformis. ABZ andrnLEV brands originated from China (CN), East Africa (EA) and India (IN), Ivermectin from CN,rnIN and Uruguay (UG), whereas Tetramisole was from CN and IN. Serial dilutions of the drugsrnwere made to achieve concentrations of 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, and 0.0625μg/ml. g/ml. To undertakernegg hatch test 100 eggs/well of H. contortus or T. colubriformis were incubated with the drugs atrn270C for 48 hours. Larval motility test was done with 50L3 of H. contortus or T. colubriformisrnmixed with the drug of choice and incubated at 25 0C for 24hrs after which motile and nonmotilernworms were counted. Similarly, the adult motility test was done with 15 adult H.rncontortus/well mixed with the test AH and incubated at 370c for 10 hours. All tests were done inrntriplicates and the median values were taken. Control wells contained eggs, L3 or adult wormsrnwith distilled water. The findings show that: a) the questionnaire survey indicated ivermectin wasrnthe most commonly used drug (39 %) followed by albendazole (36 %), tetramisole (17 %) andrnlevamisole (8%), b) in the in vitro assays, all tested anthelmintics brands showed concentrationdependentrnresponses on eggs, larvae and adult parasites; c) in egg hatch test on T.colubriformisrneggs, CN and IN brands of albendazole performed >50% egg hatch inhibition at all drugrnconcentrations; d) the EC50 for inhibition of T.colubriformis egg hatching was 2.375μg, 0.087μgrnand 1.199μg respectively for EA, CN and IN brands. The EC50 against H.contortus eggs wasrn0.504μg, 0.017μg and 1.886μg respectively for EA, CN and IN brands; e) East Africa brand ofrnlevamisole was more effective at reducing H.contortus larval motility than Indian brand (92%rnand 76% respectively) at 0.5μg while it is better at 0.5μg, 0.25μg and 0.125μg against T.rncolubriformis (P

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