A study on seroprevalence, isolation and identification of Newcastle disease virus in villagernchickens in south west shewa zone was conducted using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,rnHaemagglutination, Haemagglutination inhibition test and real time RT-PCR. A total of 355rnchickens from eight kebeles of the study site were used for the study of seroprevalence. Thernoverall seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus antibodies in the study area was 5.6% (3.2-rn8.0% at 95 % CI). Five (62.5%) of the eight kebeles sampled had chickens that were positive forrnantibodies against NDV. The prevalence in each kebele ranges from 0% to 28.1 % and the highestrnprevalence (28.1 %) was found at Harbu Kebele which is located just near to the market. Thernprevalences of chicken's serum antibody in the highland and lowland area were 0.9% and 7.8%rnrespectively. Statistically significant (p0.05) for male and female.rnMuch (95%) of the chicken sera do have a percent inhibition value between -104 and 74.33 and arnnormally distributed figure was found. From Newcastle suspected outbreak cases, six samplesrnwere collected from recently dead and sick chickens for isolation and identification of Newcastlerndisease virus. The result indicated that all the six samples were positive for Haemagglutinationrnand Haemagglutination inhibition tests. But cloacal and tracheal swab samples from 30rnapparently healthy chickens revealed that there was no haemagglutinating viral agents. None ofrnthe samples can lead to the death of embryo even at the second passage. Subjection of genomernextract from allantoic harvest to real time RT-PCR using specific primer for fusion proteinrncleavage site resulted in amplification of viral genome. Three samples taken from allantoicrnharvest of outbreak areas were amplified but none was amplified from apparently healthy chickenrnusing real time RT-PCR. This further confirmed that Avian Paramyxovirus type one was isolatedrnand identified from outbreak cases of ND in the study area. The low prevalence to NDV in thernstudy area indicated that the village chickens are highly susceptible to the pathogenic NDVrninfection. Thus, it is recommended that there should be routine vaccination program in the studyrnarea.