Impacts Of Land Usecover On Surface Water Quantity And Quality (case Of Akaki Catchment Ethiopia)

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Evaluating the impacts of land use on surface water quality and quantity based on temporalrnand spatial variation using the integrated watershed (SWAT) and water quality modelsrn(WASP) were the aims of this study. SWAT model’s performance was assessed using Nash–rnSutcliffe coefficient (NSE) and coefficient of determination (Rrn) with the help of SWAT CUPrnsoftware. The model was calibrated from 1989 to 1994 and validated from 1995 to 1997 forrnstream flow using the 1989 land use/land cover map. The monthly calibration and validationrnresults showed (NSE = 0.74, Rrn2rn= 0.55) respectively. Annualrnstream flow was evaluated on the years 1989, 2003 and 2016 and the result shows that itrnincreases by 10.1% from (1989-2003) and by 30.3% from (1989-2016) on the downstream ofrnLittle Akaki river (reach 51). This is because urbanization increases by 63.7% and forestlandrndecreases by 61.6% from the upstream to the downstream of the river. Sediment load decreasedrnby 98.2% when urbanization is increased by 35.2% and barren lands decreased by 37.3% fromrn(1989-2016). It also increased by 82.6% when urbanization increased by 53.5% and barrenrnland decreased by 32.4% from (1989-2016). pH, Temperature, TSS, NH4-N, NO2-N, TN andrnTP decreases its quality by 5.9%, 0.8%, 7.0%, 59.2%, 67.0%, 34.5% and 45.9% from upstreamrnto downstream of Great Akaki river. This is because of built up area increases by 45.7% andrnforestland decreases by 28.5% from upstream to downstream of Great Akaki River. Waterrnquality of the rivers was evaluated temporally and the results showed that pH, Temperature,rnTSS, NH4-N, NO2-N, TN and TP decreases its quality by 5.29%, 9.11%, 48.47%, 45.88%,rn43.28%, 47.1% and 17.69% respectively from (1989-2016) on little Akaki river. When thernsimulated result are compared to water quality guide lines pH, TSS, NH4-N, TN and TPrnexceeds the guideline by 2.9%, 85.8%, 5.2%, 2.3%, & 0.2% on downstream of little Akakirnand by 11.1%, 87.3%, 10.7%, 31.6% & 7.35 Great Akaki rivers respectively.

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Impacts Of Land Usecover On Surface Water Quantity And Quality  (case Of Akaki Catchment Ethiopia)

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