Studies on population ecology and economic significance of rodents were conducted in Choke Mountains between October 2013 and January 2016. Rodents were surveyed in eight habitats comprised of natural and human modified landscapes. It was conducted in live and snap trap grids established on each habitat. Eight rodent species were recorded in the Choke Mountains region: Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Otomys typus, Stenocephalemys griseicauda, Mastomys natalensis, Rattus rattus, Lophuromys flavopunctatus, Tachyoryctes splendens and Hystrix cristata. Arvicanthis abyssinicus and Stenocephalemys griseicauda are endemic to Ethiopia. There was significant variation in the spatial distribution of rodents (p