The study on the population status, structure, and diurnal activity pattern of MountainrnNyala (Tragelaplws buxtoni) was carried out in the Bale Mountains National Park,rnEthiopia for foul' months that included wet and dly seasons. Ground total counts wererncarried out in all area of 13.1 'm/. The study showed that the endangered Mountain Nyalarnin the Bale Mountains National Park consisted of about 704 individuals. The Male tornfemale ratio is unequal. Females comprise 62.9% whereas male 27.4% and the calvesrnpossessed the 9.7% of the sex ratio. Mountain Nyalas' are mainly browsers. The grouprnstructure of the animal varied with season, forming large herds during the wet season andrndispersing in to smaller groups during the (b)' season. Territorial behaviour was notrnobserved. The population trend of the animal ji-om 1975-1990 indicated a recovel), andrnincrease. But between 1990-1995 a population showed a continuous and steep decline.rnHowever, between 1995-2000 the population trend showed a tendency toward recovely.rnThe diurnal activity pattern of the animal showed two feeding peaks early morning andrnlate afternoon. The peak resting tillle was in the middle of the day. Group size changedrnseasonally. 7 to 12 members in a group are common during dlY and wet season, and thernmaximum group size observed was 62 during wet season. The vegetation type utilizationrnand distribution of the animal indicated a marked preference for woodland habitat.rnHowevel~ there was a seasonal change in preference of habitat. The study established thatrnthe main threats of Mountain Nyala are habitat destruction, disturbance, livestockrnabundance, hunting and predation.