The researcher is prompted into choosing this due to the peculiar nature of the topic budgetary control in ministries and parastatals. In this project work the definition of budget is being known as a techniques their task of planning, coordinating, directing and control in an organization. For a government ministries to achieve their aims budget must be enlisted in Agenda. In carrying out this project work the topic identify the objective, statement of hypothesis, significance of the problem and the limitation of the project work.

This project work is limited to the budget of Imo state government ministry and parastatals. Nevertheless profit oriented organization and parastatals make use of different budget to enable them meet their desire goals. I bid to identify those administrative probelsm personal observations and interview where made and conducted, it was discovered that budget and budgary are the key note of every successful body or organization as a result of policies not being strong enough to beat them to it.

Finally budget enjoys a wide application. They can be used in our private homes where a civil servant who earns and income and plan on it. Also the same thing is applicable to the ministries and parastatals.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Statement of the problem

1.2 Statement of the hypothesis

1.3 Objective of the study

1.4 Significance of the study

1.5 Limitation f the study

1.6 Difinition of the term

CHAPTER TWO

LITERNATURE REVIEW

2.1 Budgets

2.2 Budgetary control

2.3 The planning and control process

2.4 Management by objective

2.5 Management by exception

2.6 Budgetary system in non-project secking organization

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology

3.1 Primary source of Data collection

3.2 Type of primary source of data

3.3 Advantage of interview method

3.4 Secondary source of data collection

3.5 Type of secondary data collection

CHAPTER FOUR

TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

4.1 Budget and budgetary control in Imo state

4.2 Review of Imo state government budget

4.2.1 1997 Budget

4.2.2 1998 Budget

4.2.3 1999 Budget

4.2.4 2000 Budget

4.3 Presentation and analysis of data

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDING, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary of finding

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendation

5.4 Bibliography

5.5 Appendix.

INTERVIEW QUESTION

The researcher used the state ministries and parastatals as her case study. This section illustrates the format of the questionnaire, showing the different types of questions to members of staff in the ministries.

1. Age

a. Below 20 ( )

b. 20 - 30 ( )

c. 30 – 40 ( )

d. 40 – 50 ( )

e. 50 and above ( )

2. Marital status

a. Single ( )

b. Married ( )

c. Divorced ( )

d. Widowed ( )

3. Sex

a. Male ( )

b. Female ( )

4. Higher Qualification

a. WASC/GCE ( )

b. OND/ A LEVEL / NCE ( )

c. DEGREE / AND ( )

d. Professional accounting qualification (ANAN, ACCA, ICAN ) ( )

e. Others ( )

5. How long have you held this position

a. Below 5 years ( )

b. 5 – 10 years ( )

c. 11 – 20 years ( )

d. 21 years and above ( )

6. Does your ministry prepare budget?

a. Yes ( )

b. No ( )

7. How do you prepare your budget?

a. is it monthly ( )

b. Yes ( )

c. No

8. Is there any department that is responsible for preparation of your budget?

a. yes ( )

b. No ( )

9. How is the budget department organized ?

a. Is it loose or strict?

b. Yes ( )

c. No ( )

10. Do all departments / units of the ministry make their input in the budget?

a. yes ( )

b. No ( )

11. Are workers encouraged to make effort and work toward the goals get for the ministry?

a. Yes ( )

b. No ( )

12. Do you always accomplish your budget target?

a. Yes ( )

b. No ( )

13. how do you treat diviations (if any) that arise from the budget? Is it investigated?

a. Yes ( )

b. No ( )

14. Is the top management responsible for explaining variance?

a. Yes ( )

b. No ( )

15. If you operated in excess of the budget are you penelised for exceeding the limit without authority?

a. Yes ( )

b. No ( )

16. If you operated according to the budget are you rewarded accordingly or commended for a job well done?

a. Yes ( )

b. No ( )

17. How does your ministry know the progress so far on any project they have undertaken? Is it by checking eh objective / goals? In which that project was authorized.

a. Yes ( )

b. No ( )

18. Do heads of departments / units report to their activities to top management on regulated periods.

a. Yes ( )

b. No ( )

19. Do budgets relate to activities with common objectives?

a. Yes ( )

b. No ( )

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Budgeting is essentially concerned with planning and can be broadly illustrated by comparing with the routine a ship captain follows on each voyage. Before the voyage, he will plan his route, taking into account such factors as shipping harzards, tides and possible adverse weather forecast. During the voyage he will check on his plans and record and unusual conditions. If necessary, he may even have to leviater from his plan if prevailing circumstances require it. On completion of the voyage he will compare the conditions he encountered with those he expected and use the experience gained in planning similar voyages in the future.

Budgets and budgeting control are two accounting techniques, which top management adopts to achieve its tasks of planning, coordinating, directing and control in an organsiation. Planning is mainly concerned with the establishment of objectives the formulation, evaluation and selection of the policies, strategies factics and actions required to achieve these objectives planning was previously based on historical cost conventions. This process increased the emergency decision which top management had to make because historical cost conventions arenot future oriented; they do not aid planning.

In order to reduce to management emergency decision making processes and thus aid planning, variable budgets were introduced. This is so because managers want to know more than they have done currently in relation to last period performance, they also want to know how they have done currently in relation to their current target performance.

Control on the order hand follows closely after action has been taken. If is a process where by actual performance is compared with targeted budgeted performance any deviations from this target are investigated for an in-depth or positive explanations to be given. Budgetary control is the technique used for this purpose and when it is combined with budget, it becomes part of responsibility accounting the aim of budgetary control is to provide a format basis for monitoring the progress of the organization as whole and of its components parts, towards the achievement of the objectives specified in the planning budgets.